Reasons for using substances in adolescents with and without psychosis

Pencer, Alissa; Addington, Jean

doi:10.1111/j.1751-7893.2007.00055.x

Cited by 18 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…Interestingly, a study investigating self-reported reasons for cannabis use by UHR individuals yielded enhancement of mood and social motives as primary reasons for cannabis use, whereas motivation for symptom relief was rare (Gill et al, 2015). Using cannabis for mood and social enhancement is consistent with reported reasons for use in first episode psychosis (Pencer and Addington, 2008), and the author’s interpretations were that negative symptoms might drive cannabis use in UHR individuals (Gill et al, 2015). In the current study neuroleptic medication was an exclusion criterion for UHR individuals.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 57%

The relationship between cannabis use and cortisol levels in youth at ultra high-risk for psychosis

Carol

Spencer

Mittal

2017

Psychoneuroendocrinology

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Recent studies have posited a relationship between cannabis use and the biological stress system, but this critical relationship has not been evaluated during the ultra high-risk (UHR) period immediately preceding the onset of psychotic disorders. Salivary cortisol samples were collected on 46 UHR and 29 control adolescents; these individuals were assessed for current cannabis use with a urine panel and self-report. UHR participants where separated into two groups: Current Cannabis Use (UHR-CU) and No Current Cannabis Use (UHR-NC). Healthy Control participants (HC) were free of cannabis use. Consistent with the literature, results indicate UHR individuals showed elevated cortisol levels when compared to HC participants. Further, we also observed that UHR-CU participants exhibited elevated levels when compared to both the non-using UHR and HC groups. Findings suggest that cannabis use may interact with underlying biological vulnerability associated with the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis system.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 57%

The relationship between cannabis use and cortisol levels in youth at ultra high-risk for psychosis

Carol

Spencer

Mittal

2017

Psychoneuroendocrinology

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“…The psychometric properties of the CEQ in psychotic populations also requires further exploration. The addition of a non‐psychotic cannabis‐using comparison group would have strengthened the findings, although few differences in reasons for cannabis use between psychotic individuals and other cannabis users have been reported in previous research [40,41]. Recall of cannabis use expectancies may be less reliable among recently admitted psychotic in‐patients, although expectancies are considered to be relatively stable concepts that can be measured over an individual's lifetime [42].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 74%

The influence of cannabis use expectancies on cannabis use and psychotic symptoms in psychosis

Hides

Kavanagh

Dawe

et al. 2009

Drug and Alcohol Review

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Results suggested that cannabis use expectancies were associated with cannabis use but not symptom variables. Expectancies for cannabis use predicted recent cannabis use and the presence and severity of cannabis dependence. Psychotic patients with DSM-IV cannabis dependence had significantly higher expectancies for negative effects from cannabis use. Prospective research examining the influence of motives and expectancies for cannabis use on cannabis use and psychotic symptoms is required to obtain a greater understanding of substance use in psychosis and assist with the development of innovative treatment interventions.

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“…Additionally, patients might have experienced more severe negative effects of smoking cannabis. Relaxation is a consistently reported effect of cannabis in people with and without psychosis (Green et al 2003 ;Pencer & Addington, 2008 ;Dekker et al 2009). Peters et al (in press) found that patients with schizophrenia reported more often than controls to have felt depressed, anxious and suspicious and to have experienced more psychotic symptoms during cannabis intoxication.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Implicit and explicit affective associations towards cannabis use in patients with recent-onset schizophrenia and healthy controls

et al. 2009

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The findings indicate that patients suffering from schizophrenia have associations towards cannabis similar to controls, but they have stronger negative explicit cannabis associations. The strong negative implicit associations towards cannabis could imply that users of cannabis engage in a behaviour they do not implicitly like. Explicit relaxing expectancies of cannabis might be an important mediator in the continuation of cannabis use in patients and controls.

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Reasons for using substances in adolescents with and without psychosis

Abstract: Although adolescents with psychosis report using substances for the same reasons as other adolescents, they may also use to self-medicate secondary morbidity associated with psychosis. These results have a number of implications for prevention and treatment.

Cited by 18 publications

References 8 publications

The relationship between cannabis use and cortisol levels in youth at ultra high-risk for psychosis

The relationship between cannabis use and cortisol levels in youth at ultra high-risk for psychosis

The influence of cannabis use expectancies on cannabis use and psychotic symptoms in psychosis

Implicit and explicit affective associations towards cannabis use in patients with recent-onset schizophrenia and healthy controls

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