Reasoning and Public Health: New Ways of Coping with Uncertainty

Cummings, Louise

doi:10.1007/978-3-319-15013-0

Cited by 17 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 99 publications

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“…Four of these fallacies-as-heuristics were recently experimentally tested in a large-scale study of public health reasoning (Cummings 2012b(Cummings , 2013a(Cummings , b, 2014a. Findings from this study have been discussed at length elsewhere (Cummings 2015). On the model of fallacies-as-heuristics that was central to this work, the informal fallacies are mental shortcuts that can bypass expert knowledge that lies beyond the cognitive grasp of the lay person.…”

Section: In Original)mentioning

confidence: 90%

Critical Thinking in Medicine and Health

Cummings

2020

Fallacies in Medicine and Health

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Chapter 1 • Critical Thinking in Medicine and Health 1 LEARNING OBJECTIVES: Readers of this chapter will 5 appreciate the range of mundane contexts in which we are exposed to medical information and health messages. 5 understand the different responses that people have to health messages, ranging from indifference and denial to a high level of critical engagement with the content of messages. 5 appreciate the need for robust critical thinking skills in medicine and health in order to expose logical errors and conflicts of interest in the health messages we see and hear, participate in sound decision-making about one's own health, and reduce or eliminate medical errors that put patients at risk of death or serious injury. 5 have knowledge of what an informal fallacy is and understand that labels such as 'valid' and 'fallacious' are not inherent properties of arguments but apply only to arguments in certain contexts of use. 5 understand the logical tradition that surrounds the fallacies, from Aristotle's challenge to the deceptive or false refutations traded by sophists to present-day pragmatic and cognitive analyses of the fallacies.

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Section: In Original)mentioning

confidence: 90%

Critical Thinking in Medicine and Health

Cummings

2020

Fallacies in Medicine and Health

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“…In other words, it is symmetrical in its causes but asymmetrical in its consequences." Cummings (2015) convincingly demonstrates in her extensive study on reasoning in public health that analogy arguments are particularly suitable in cases of uncertainty, such as situations of crisis, and can lead to significant gains when complete knowledge is missing. The extent to which there is a clear relationship between the two compared situations, the argument from analogy is strong or "rationally warranted."…”

Section: Case Study 1: Accommodating Strategiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Crisis Response Strategies in Political Interviews: A European Union Perspective

Andone

2022

Adversarial Political Interviewing

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This chapter contributes to the study of crisis communication by investigating the argumentative dimension of crisis response strategies in political interviews. As political interviews are accountability practices, crisis responses by political actors are seen as persuasive attempts at (re)enacting reputation and creating citizen trust. In addition to explaining the argumentative nature of political interviews, and how it constrains crisis responses, this chapter analyzes how two European Union political leaders respond to critical questions during the COVID-19 pandemic crisis. Understanding the EU's response strategies is of special significance, due to its broad role as a crisis management institution. The first case study illustrates the use of potentially effective accommodating strategies, in which mistakes are admitted and lessons are drawn from them. The second case study discusses how defensive strategies employed to avoid blame and deny mistakes is a potentially less effective choice.

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“…There is a lot of uncertainty attending new technologies, arguably because they have not been in use for a long period of time to determine with certainty their impact and effects on the population. We know from previous cases (e.g., the mad cow disease, genetically modified food) that mistrust is the default position of the addressee as soon as a risk situation appears (see Cummings 2010Cummings , 2015. Arguably, there is mistrust in the EU institutions (attempting to harmonize at all costs) coupled with the perceived failure of regulatory institutions to act in the public interest (such as EU agencies) (see van den Brande 2017).…”

Section: Strategies Of Quotingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Arguing through quotations

Andone

2022

JAIC

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This paper analyses and evaluates the use of arguments in which quotations are employed to convince the addressees of the acceptability of a proposed action. Based on the European Commission’s press releases, a communicative practice in which quotations are typically employed, the study demonstrates that quotations function as weak authority arguments that are not likely to be accepted by the addressees if they are not further supported by other argument types.

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Reasoning and Public Health: New Ways of Coping with Uncertainty

Cited by 17 publications

References 99 publications

Critical Thinking in Medicine and Health

Critical Thinking in Medicine and Health

Crisis Response Strategies in Political Interviews: A European Union Perspective

Arguing through quotations

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