The standardization of the Web Ontology Language, OWL, leaves (at least) two crucial issues for Web-based ontologies unsatisfactorily resolved, namely how to represent and reason with multiple distinct, but linked ontologies, and how to enable effective knowledge reuse and sharing on the Semantic Web.In this paper, we present a solution for these fundamental problems based on EConnections. We aim to use E-Connections to provide modelers with suitable means for developing Web ontologies in a modular way and to provide an alternative to the owl:imports construct.With such motivation, we present in this paper a syntactic and semantic extension of the Web Ontology language that covers E-Connections of OWL-DL ontologies. We show how to use such an extension as an alternative to the owl:imports construct in many modeling situations. We investigate different combinations of the logics SHIN (D), SHON (D) and SHIO(D) for which it is possible to design and implement reasoning algorithms, well-suited for optimization.Finally, we provide support for E-Connections in both an ontology editor, SWOOP, and an OWL reasoner, Pellet.
Key words: Web Ontology Language, Integration and Combination of Ontologies, Combination of Knowledge Representation Formalisms, Description Logics reasoningEmail addresses: bernardo@mindlab.umd.edu (Bernardo Cuenca Grau), bparsia@isr.umd.edu (Bijan Parsia), evren@cs.umd.edu (Evren Sirin).
Preprint submitted to Elsevier Science 22 August 2005
MotivationThe Semantic Web architecture has been envisioned as a set of new languages that are being standardized by the World Wide Web Consortium (W3C). Among these languages, the Web Ontology Language (OWL) plays a prominent role, and Description Logics have deeply influenced its design and standardization (1)(2). Two of the three variants, or dialects, of OWL, namely OWL-Lite and OWL-DL, correspond to the logics SHIF(D) and SHOIN (D), respectively (2) (3) (4).The acceptance of OWL as a Web standard will yield to the rapid proliferation of DL ontologies on the Web and it is envisioned that, in the near future, the Semantic Web will contain a large number of independently developed ontologies.However, the standardization of OWL also leaves (at least) two crucial issues for Web-based ontologies unsatisfactorily resolved, namely how to represent and reason with multiple distinct, but linked ontologies, and how to enable effective knowledge reuse and sharing on the Semantic Web.First, in order to provide support for integrating Web ontologies, OWL defines the owl:imports construct, which allows to include by reference in a knowledge base the axioms contained in another ontology, published somewhere on the Web and identified by a global name (a URI). However, the functionality provided by this construct is unsatisfactory for a number of reasons (5):• The only way that the owl:imports construct provides for using concepts from a different ontology is to bring into the original ontology all the axioms of the imported one. Therefore, the only difference between ...