Rearrangement hotspots in the sex chromosome of the Palearctic black fly Simulium bergi (Diptera, Simuliidae)

Adler, Peter H.; Yıldırım, Alparslan; Önder, Zühal; Taşçi, Gencay Taşkın; Düzlü, Önder; Arslan, Mükremin Özkan; Çiloğlu, Arif; Sari, Barış; Parmaksizoglu, Nilgun; İncı, Abdullah

doi:10.3897/compcytogen.v10i2.8855

Cited by 9 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 43 publications

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“…If break points appeared similar in these regions they were scored as positives. Molecular studies of the basal portion of the IIL region might reveal why so many inversions are located there (Adler et al, ). Such an approach should reveal potential epigenomic/genomic interactions as they may apply to gene regulation where topologically associating domains (TAD's; Spielmann, Lupiáñez, & Mundlos, ) have been shown to play a functional role in gene expression/regulation and where rearrangement break points across vertebrate species are strongly enriched at TAD boundaries and depleted within TAD's across species (Krefting, Andrade‐Navarro, & Ibn‐Salem, ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sympatric speciation in the Simulium arcticum s. l. complex (Diptera: Simuliidae): The Rothfels model updated

Shields

Procunier

2019

Ecology and Evolution

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We tested the Rothfels sympatric speciation model for black flies by comparing all available data for sex‐chromosome diversity with the geographic locations of larval collection sites within the Simulium arcticum complex of black flies (Diptera: Simuliidae). Five separate data sets equaling about 20,000 larvae were included from throughout the geographic range of this complex. We record a total of 31 taxa having unique sex chromosomes, all of which demonstrate linkage disequilibrium with most taxa sharing autosomal polymorphisms. All siblings share portions of their distributions with S. negativum , the presumed oldest member of the complex. Twenty‐one of 22 cytotypes have distributions within the ranges of siblings thus supporting the sympatric speciation model of Rothfels. Chromosomally diverse sites may require analysis of as many as 200 larvae to be properly described. There is no effect of any inversions influencing the occurrence of other inversions. Finally, we report a new cytotype, Simulium arcticum IIL‐6, which we originally discovered in Alaska. Aspects of future genomic research are discussed as they relate to the main chromosomal structural/functional tenants of the model. OPEN RESEARCH BADGE This article has earned an Open Data Badge for making publicly available the digitally‐shareable data necessary to reproduce the reported results. The data are available at https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.7719398

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sympatric speciation in the Simulium arcticum s. l. complex (Diptera: Simuliidae): The Rothfels model updated

Shields

Procunier

2019

Ecology and Evolution

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“…This study also confirms that the proximal region of the long arm of chromosome II is a hot spot for chromosome change (Shields 2013; Adler et al . 2016).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Geographic structure of sibling species and cytotypes of the Simulium arcticum complex (Diptera: Simuliidae) in rivers of central Idaho and southeastern Washington, United States of America

Shields

2018

Can Entomol

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We made 37 collections and analysed the polytene chromosomes of salivary glands of 726 larvae of the Simulium arcticum Malloch (Diptera: Simuliidae) complex from 10 locations in an unstudied region from central Idaho and southeastern Washington, United States of America. We compared our results to previous population cytotaxonomic research on larvae of this complex from western Montana, northern Idaho, and eastern Washington, United States of America. We identified four sibling species, S. brevicercum Knowlton and Rowe, S. saxosum Adler, S. arcticum sensu stricto, S. apricarium Adler, Currie, and Wood; and three cytotypes, S. arcticum IIL-9, IIL-17, and IIL-79, previously described by us. We discovered a new cytotype, S. arcticum IIL-80, at three locations in the western region of our sample area. We also found combinational (ancestral) types between S. saxosum and S. arcticum sensu stricto and between S. saxosum and S. arcticum IIL-79, suggesting that ancestral populations of the complex still exist. Geographic structuring of these sibling species and cytotypes are documented given that S. saxosum occurred in western regions, S. arcticum IIL-79 in northeastern regions, and S. apricarium in southeastern regions of our study area.

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“…Moreover, a Y-or W-linked region's lack of recombination in might reflect rearrangements that spread by genetic drift in a small population (reviewed by Ironside 2010;Ponnikas et al 2018). This cannot explain an overrepresentation on sex chromosomes unless some further mechanism creates a higher rearrangement input rate on these chromosomes (such as the remarkable apparent difference in the Dipteran blackflies; see Adler et al 2016). Unfortunately, comparative tests of whether chromosomes carrying sex-determining loci have a special tendency to subsequently evolve nonrecombining regions are hampered by a reporting bias: sex chromosome differences are readily detectable cytologically, without laborious surveys of all chromosomes in multiple individuals of a species.…”

Section: Conclusion: Why Do Some Sex Chromosome Pairs Remain Homomormentioning

confidence: 99%

When and how do sex‐linked regions become sex chromosomes?

Charlesworth

2021

Evolution

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The attention given to heteromorphism and genetic degeneration of "classical sex chromosomes" (Y chromosomes in XY systems, and the W in ZW systems that were studied first and are best described) has perhaps created the impression that the absence of recombination between sex chromosomes is inevitable. I here argue that continued recombination is often to be expected, that absence of recombination is surprising and demands further study, and that the involvement of selection in reduced recombination is not yet well understood. Despite a long history of investigations of sex chromosome pairs, there is a need for more quantitative approaches to studying sex-linked regions. I describe a scheme to help understand the relationships between different properties of sex-linked regions. Specifically, I focus on their sizes (differentiating between small regions and extensive fully sex-linked ones), the times when they evolved, and their differentiation, and review studies using DNA sequencing in nonmodel organisms that are providing information about the processes causing these properties.

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Rearrangement hotspots in the sex chromosome of the Palearctic black fly Simulium bergi (Diptera, Simuliidae)

Cited by 9 publications

References 43 publications

Sympatric speciation in the Simulium arcticum s. l. complex (Diptera: Simuliidae): The Rothfels model updated

Sympatric speciation in the Simulium arcticum s. l. complex (Diptera: Simuliidae): The Rothfels model updated

Geographic structure of sibling species and cytotypes of the Simulium arcticum complex (Diptera: Simuliidae) in rivers of central Idaho and southeastern Washington, United States of America

When and how do sex‐linked regions become sex chromosomes?

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