Rearrangeable and Repackable S-W-S Elastic Optical Networks for Connections with Limited Bandwidths

Lin, Bingkai

doi:10.3390/app10041251

Cited by 8 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…As observed from (12), Kv is determined by a given constant n and a variable 1 v s  . The number of the FSUs required for class Mv meta-slots is svKv.…”

Section: Optimization Of Meta-slot Class Sizesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Thus, the difference between k0 and k1 is determined by the number of FSUs required for M1, ̂1 , and̂2. From (12) and the definition of s0, the number of M1 meta-slots, K1, is…”

Section: Optimization Of Meta-slot Class Sizesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The number of the FSUs required for class Mv meta-slots is svKv. Thus, the number of FSUs is determined by two variables, sv-1 and sv, for class Mv using (12).…”

Section: Optimization Of Meta-slot Class Sizesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A switch is required for each node to build an elastic optical network to adequately route data streams, which utilize different numbers of FSUs. For this purpose, it is important to develop an elastic optical switching network [5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12], which can connect data streams with any number of FSUs without blocking. To this end, a considerable number of studies on the nonblocking conditions of elastic optical switching networks have been conducted.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Previous studies have investigated W-S-W [5][6][7][8][9][10] or S-W-S [11,12] configurations as elastic optical switching networks. For the W-S-W configuration, two sets of W-switches are placed at the input and output sides, respectively, and linked by S-switch(es).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Optimizing meta-slots for nonblocking elastic optical switching networks

Ohta¹

2021

Global J. Eng. Tech. Adv.

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Elastic optical network is a promising technology for building flexible and wideband communication systems. This technology features the frequency slot unit (FSU) concept, which defines the bandwidth unit in the frequency domain. The utilization of a specified number of consecutive FSUs allows the bandwidth to be flexibly assigned to a data stream. For a successful elastic optical network operation, the use of nonblocking optical switching networks is indispensable. This paper focuses on two previously proposed W-S-W switching network architectures, namely, WSW1 and WSW2. With regard to WSW1, a previous study elucidated that the hardware complexity, which is evaluated by the number of FSUs, decreases by employing the meta-slot scheme. A meta-slot is a frequency range containing one or more FSUs. Although its effectiveness depends on the sizes of meta-slot classes, the previous study did not present how to optimize the meta-slot class sizes. Moreover, the employment of meta-slots was not considered for WSW2 in the previous study. This paper investigates the optimization of meta-slot class sizes and demonstrates that such optimization is modeled as the shortest path problem. For WSW1, the meta-slot scheme optimized by the shortest path model is compared with the previously reported nonblocking conditions. The result confirms the superiority of the optimized meta-slot scheme. For WSW2, the assignment of meta-slots among S-switches is also essential. The paper models the assignment of meta-slots as a bin-packing problem. Thus, the near-optimal assignment can be obtained by a known bin-packing heuristic. For WSW2, the number of S-switches is evaluated for the optimized meta-slot scheme and the previously known nonblocking conditions. The result confirms that the meta-slot scheme is advantageous for WSW2 as well as for WSW1.

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“…As observed from (12), Kv is determined by a given constant n and a variable 1 v s  . The number of the FSUs required for class Mv meta-slots is svKv.…”

Section: Optimization Of Meta-slot Class Sizesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Thus, the difference between k0 and k1 is determined by the number of FSUs required for M1, ̂1 , and̂2. From (12) and the definition of s0, the number of M1 meta-slots, K1, is…”

Section: Optimization Of Meta-slot Class Sizesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The number of the FSUs required for class Mv meta-slots is svKv. Thus, the number of FSUs is determined by two variables, sv-1 and sv, for class Mv using (12).…”

Section: Optimization Of Meta-slot Class Sizesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Optimizing meta-slots for nonblocking elastic optical switching networks

Ohta¹

2021

Global J. Eng. Tech. Adv.

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Optical Waveguide Fingerprint Recognition Device with Two‐Stage Dual‐Function Gratings

Lin

Wang

et al. 2023

Adv Materials Inter

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for high utilization ratio full-screen information displays. [5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15] Under-screen optical fingerprint recognition (UDS-OFPR) is now a dominant technology in mobile displays, [16][17][18][19] in which the display panels are simultaneously used as light sources to shine fingers pressed on the cover glass, and the cameras are embedded beneath them to capture the fingerprint images. However, UDS-OFPR often suffers from significant dampening of the reflected signal by display panels. Arising from the weakness of the signal itself, issues including low signal-to-noise ratio and contamination vulnerability must be addressed, especially the excessive deterioration of images when the polarization direction of the reflective light is altered by protective screen films. Since the launch of the mobile terminal with organic light emitting diodes (OLED) displays, [20] numerous efforts have been made to improve the performance of UDS-OFPR, including inserting a fiber collimation layer, [21] adding a micro-lens array, and leveraging optical waveguides. [22,23] Regrettably, these technologies are insufficient to address the dampening issue caused by the rotation of reflective light polarization. Recently, to realize UDS-OFPR in liquid crystal displays, it was proposed to set extra infrared light sources in the backlight to improve the reflected fingerprint images. [24,25] However, because of the free space optical construction, the thickness of the device has to be substantially increased to fully light the sensing zone, which lowers its viability in mobile displays.In this work, we propose and demonstrate an optical waveguided fingerprint recognition system embedded with twostage dual-function gratings (TSG). In working, the gratings of the first stage couple and split the under-screen incident laser beam into two waveguiding beams. Then the gratings of the second stage are used to expand and direct the two waveguiding beams to the sensing zone. At last, the fingerprint images are captured by a camera under the display screen when a finger is pressed on the optical waveguide film. With this construction, the intensity and contrast of the image signals are significantly enhanced compared to previous free-space solutions, and its slimness, transparency, large sensing area, and replaceability indicate that it is ready for application.

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Pyrazolopyridine Ligands in Transition-Metal-Catalyzed C–C and C–Heteroatom Bond-Forming Reactions

Joo,

Kang

2023

Synthesis

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Pyrazole-substituted pyridines have emerged as versatile bidentate ligands in transition-metal catalysis, providing opportunities to fine-tune reactivity and selectivity beyond what conventional bipyridine ligands can achieve. This review focuses on two representative pyrazolopyridine ligands: 2-(1H-pyrazol-1-yl)pyridine (1-PzPy) and 2-(1H-pyrazol-3-yl)pyridine (3-PzPy). The 1-PzPy series, characterized by a pyrazole ring serving as a weakly coordinating Lewis basic ligand, offer flexibility in ligand binding. Alternatively, the 3-PzPy series provide both L2- and LX-type binding modes, functioning as hydrogen bond donors and σ-donors, respectively. The structural diversity of pyrazolopyridine ligands enables the development of various synthetic strategies, facilitating cross-coupling, cycloaddition, photocatalytic, and asymmetric reactions. This review highlights the roles of these ligands in advancing transition-metal-catalyzed C–C and C–heteroatom bond-forming reactions.1 Introduction2 Synthesis of Pyrazolopyridine Ligands3 Applications of 1-PzPy Ligands4 Applications of 3-PzPy Ligands5 Conclusion

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Rearrangeable and Repackable S-W-S Elastic Optical Networks for Connections with Limited Bandwidths

Cited by 8 publications

References 16 publications

Optimizing meta-slots for nonblocking elastic optical switching networks

Optimizing meta-slots for nonblocking elastic optical switching networks

Optical Waveguide Fingerprint Recognition Device with Two‐Stage Dual‐Function Gratings

Pyrazolopyridine Ligands in Transition-Metal-Catalyzed C–C and C–Heteroatom Bond-Forming Reactions

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