Rearing water microbiomes in white leg shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) larviculture assemble stochastically and are influenced by the microbiomes of live feed products

Abstract

The development of effective management strategies to reduce the occurrence of diseases in aquaculture is hampered by the limited knowledge on the microbial ecology of these systems. In this study, the dynamics and dominant community assembly processes in the rearing water of Litopenaeus vannamei larviculture tanks were determined. Additionally, the contribution of peripheral microbiomes, such as those of live and dry feeds, to the rearing water microbiome were quantified. The community assembly in the hatchery rearing water over time was dominated by stochasticity, which explains the observed heterogeneity between replicate cultivations. The community undergoes two shifts that match with the dynamics of the algal abundances in the rearing water. Source tracking analysis revealed that 37% of all bacteria in the hatchery rearing water were either introduced by the live or dry feeds, or during water exchanges. The contribution of the microbiome from the algae was the largest, followed by that of the Artemia, the exchange water and the dry feeds. Our findings provide fundamental knowledge on the assembly processes and dynamics of rearing water microbiomes and illustrate the crucial role of these peripheral microbiomes in maintaining health-promoting rearing water microbiomes.

Effects of live feed manipulation with algal‐derived antimicrobial metabolites on fish larvae microbiome assembly: A molecular‐based assessment

“…The assembly of bacterial epibionts on macroalgae, for instance, may be largely affected by random, early colonization events that underpin divergent community structures on adult leaves of the same species (Burke et al, 2011). Congruent with this notion, Heyse et al (2021) have recently suggested that stochastic assembly of the water microbiome in shrimp larviculture is influenced by the microbiomes of live feed products. In our study, 25 out of 231 bacterial OTUs (>10% of total OTU richness) detected in fish larvae presented at least 2‐fold higher average relative abundances in either the control or treatment sample group.…”

“…Recently, we have shown by means of 16S rRNA gene next‐generation sequencing that gilthead seabream larvae and their live feed shared few dozens of bacterial phylotypes in common, including both potentially opportunistic and beneficial bacteria (Califano et al, 2017). Nevertheless, although it is now well documented that live feed may function as vectors of bacteria to fish larvae (Makridis et al, 2000; Skjermo & Bergh, 2004) and may even influence the composition of the rearing water microbiome (Heyse et al, 2021), the extent to which they contribute to shaping a healthy or rather compromised fish microbiome remains to be better understood.…”

Inhibitory effect of marine microalgae used in shrimp hatcheries on Vibrio parahaemolyticus responsible for acute hepatopancreatic necrosis disease

“…and Marinobacter sp., resulted in a better total length, survival and metamorphosis from the zoea to mysis stages of Penaeus indicus larvae (Sandhya et al, 2020). Heyse et al (2021) found a correlation between bacterial taxa and algae density of Penaeus vannamei larval rearing tanks, suggesting that microalgae promote the abundance of specific bacteria, which could affect biosecurity.…”

“…The methanol extract of two brown seaweeds (Padina tetrastromatica and Sargassum ilicifolium) showed high antibacterial activity against V. parahaemolyticus (AftabUddin et al, 2021), which support the possibility that the bacteria-microalgae interactions in the rearing systems are very specific (species to species). This takes high relevance in hatchery management because microalgae can carry bacteria that not only can be beneficial but also could act as a vector of specific pathogens that could be introduced into the hatcheries (Heyse et al, 2021).…”

Soil bacterial biodiversity characterization by flow cytometry: The bottleneck of cell extraction from soil

“…Flow cytometry (FCM) is a technology that rapidly analyses single cells suspended in a buffered salt‐based solution (McKinnon, 2018). It has been gaining interest in the field of microbial ecology due to its capacity not only to characterize a high number of cells/samples in a short time but also to provide phenotypic diversity measures contributing to microbial dynamic assessments (Heyse et al, 2021; Liu et al, 2019; Pereira et al, 2022). Rapid and easy‐to‐use tools have been established for nearly fully automatic analysis and visualization of microbial community data based on flow cytometry.…”