Rearing phonotactic parasitoid flies [Diptera: Tachinidae, ormiini, ormia spp.]

Wineriter, Susan A.; Walker, Thomas J.

doi:10.1007/bf02375096

Cited by 51 publications

(44 citation statements)

References 20 publications

(14 reference statements)

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“…The fecundity of wild-caught female O. ochracea in this study was within the range found in other ormiine flies (Fowler 1987;Fowler and Garcia 1987;Wineriter and Walker 1990). In laboratory tests, female O. ochracea de posited approximately 9 larvae per cricket (3 onto the cricket and 6 onto the surrounding area; Adamo et al 1995a).…”

Section: Clutch Sizesupporting

confidence: 81%

Parasitism patterns and the size-fecundity relationship in the acoustically orienting dipteran parasitoid <i>Ormia ochracea</i>

Kolluru¹,

Zuk²

2001

Can. J. Zool.

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Female parasitoids are expected to distribute offspring among hosts in a manner that maximizes fitness. Several theoretical and empirical studies have focussed on clutch-size patterns in hymenopteran parasitoids. In contrast, dipteran parasitoids, which differ from hymenopterans in potentially important ways, have received little attention. The phonotactic tachinid fly Ormia ochracea has been intensively studied for its effects on host crickets, and has recently been the subject of studies of its own reproductive biology. This work suggests a negative relationship between clutch size and progeny fitness (consistent with hymenopterans), but no adjustment of clutch size to host size (different from hymenopterans). However, the repeatability of these patterns and the relationship between fly size and fitness remain to be demonstrated. We examined clutch sizes of O. ochracea larvae in the cricket Teleogryllus oceanicus. Most clutches were smaller than a cricket can support to pupation. Smaller clutches yielded larger offspring and larger wild-caught flies had higher fecundity, supporting the idea that small clutches yield higher fitness. However, although parasitised male crickets were slightly larger than unparasitised males, there was no correlation between cricket size and the num ber of larvae. Potential reasons for this departure from the patterns found in hymenopteran parasitoids are discussed. Résumé : On s'attend à ce que les parasitoïdes femelles répartissent leur progéniture parmi les hôtes de façon à maximiser leur fitness. Plusieurs études théoriques et empiriques ont été faites sur les fluctuations de la taille des pontes chez les hyménoptères parasitoïdes. En revanche, les diptères parasitoïdes, qui diffèrent potentiellement des hyménoptères sous plusieurs aspects importants, ont été peu étudiés. Les effets de la mouche tachinide phonotactique Ormia ochracea sur des grillons hôtes ont fait l'objet d'études détaillées et, plus récemment, la biologie de la reproduction de ce diptère a été examinée. Ces résultats indiquent l'existence d'une corrélation négative entre la taille des pontes et le fitness de la progéniture (comme chez les hyménoptères), mais aucun ajustement de la taille des pontes en fonction de la taille des hôtes (différent de chez les hyménopteres). Cependant, la constance de ces patterns et la relation entre la taille des mou ches et le fitness restent à démontrer. Nous avons étudié le nombre de larves issues de pontes chez le grillon Teleogryllus oceanicus. La plupart des pontes sont plus petites que ce que peut supporter un grillon jusqu'à la pupaison. Les pontes plus petites donnent des rejetons plus gros et les mouches plus grosses en nature ont une fécondité plus élevée, corro borant ainsi l'hypothèse que les petites pontes sont associées à un meilleur fitness. Cependant, bien que les grillons mâles parasités se soient avérés légèrement plus gros que les mâles non parasités, il n'y a pas de corrélation entre la taille du grillon et le nombre de larves. Les raisons possible...

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Section: Clutch Sizesupporting

confidence: 81%

Parasitism patterns and the size-fecundity relationship in the acoustically orienting dipteran parasitoid <i>Ormia ochracea</i>

Kolluru¹,

Zuk²

2001

Can. J. Zool.

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“…They are however by far the most commonly utilized host species within our study areas. In our Florida study area, G. firmus is also an abundant field cricket, a known natural host species (Walker & Wineriter 1991), and one that is capable of rearing O. ochracea larvae when experimentally infested (Wineriter & Walker 1990). Despite high abundance of G. firmus in the Florida study area, Walker (1993) demonstrated that broadcasts of G. firmus song attracted only 3% as many flies as broadcasts of G. rubens song.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Behavioural specialization among populations of the acoustically orienting parasitoid fly Ormia ochracea utilizing different cricket species as hosts

et al. 2007

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Tightly coupled evolutionary associations between parasites and their hosts are well known. What is less well characterized is the behavioural specialization of parasites that exploit different hosts in different parts of the parasite's geographical range. Here we examine behavioural specialization among populations of a parasitoid fly, Ormia ochracea, that exploit different host species of crickets in different parts of the fly's range. We conducted a field experiment to compare phonotactic attraction of flies from Florida, Texas, California and Hawaii (U.S.A.) to the songs of their local host species of cricket versus their attraction to the songs of species of crickets utilized as hosts elsewhere within the flies' range. We found strong behavioural specialization of fly populations, with preferential phonotaxis towards the song of the local host species of cricket. These results suggest strong behavioural specialization of flies, but that specialization does not constrain or preclude the rapid adoption of novel hosts.

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“…Flies were maintained using the procedures described by Wineriter and Walker (1990). Flies were kept at 28°C and at 65% humidity with a 14:10 h L/D cycle in the same room in which the crickets were reared.…”

Section: Rubensmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Females lay live larvae and contain 65-517 mature first instar larvae, (with a mean of 219 _+ 38 (SE) from field collected females, Wineriter and Walker 1990) in their larviparium. Females usually contain both mature and immature larvae, as well as eggs, suggesting that they mature eggs over time and probably do not exhaust their supply of larvae during larviposition.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The response of an insect parasitoid, Ormia ochracea (Tachinidae), to the uncertainty of larval success during infestation

Adamo

Robert

Pérez

et al. 1995

Behav Ecol Sociobiol

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Ormia ochracea is a parasitoid fly which lays its larvae on its hosts, the field crickets Gryllus integer and Gryllus rubens, in two distinct modes: (1) directly on the host and (2) around the host. In the field, 12.7% of male crickets were parasitized and 3.2% were superparasitized. Despite the disadvantages of parasitizing infested hosts, there was no evidence that O. ochracea avoided superparasitism. This and other experiments suggest that the host assessment ability of O. ochracea is less than that reported for many hymenopteran parasitoids. By manipulating the number of larvae in each cricket, we determined that four to five larvae per host resulted in the largest number of adult flies. However, as larval number per host increased from one to six, pupal size, and hence adult size, declined. In the field, hosts were found with a mean of 1.7 _+ 1.0 (SD) larvae per cricket, suggesting that there may be some selection pressure against larger clutch sizes. Nevertheless clutch sizes larger than the host can support were sometimes found in the field. During the first mode of larviposition, gravid flies deposited no more than three larvae directly onto the host. Larvae deposited directly on the host had a high probability of infesting it. During the second mode of larviposition, gravid flies laid a larger number of larvae around the host (6.1 _+ 5.2). Larvae that were laid around the host were less likely to infest a cricket than were larvae that were deposited directly onto it. O. ochracea is unique in that its two different modes of larviposition have different probabilities of larval success. Even though the success rate for larvae laid during the second mode of larviposition was low, the possibility of parasitizing more hosts appears to have selected for flies laying more larvae (e.g. increasing clutch size) than is optimal if all the larvae successfully entered a single host.

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Rearing phonotactic parasitoid flies [Diptera: Tachinidae, ormiini, ormia spp.]

Cited by 51 publications

References 20 publications

Parasitism patterns and the size-fecundity relationship in the acoustically orienting dipteran parasitoid <i>Ormia ochracea</i>

Parasitism patterns and the size-fecundity relationship in the acoustically orienting dipteran parasitoid <i>Ormia ochracea</i>

Behavioural specialization among populations of the acoustically orienting parasitoid fly Ormia ochracea utilizing different cricket species as hosts

The response of an insect parasitoid, Ormia ochracea (Tachinidae), to the uncertainty of larval success during infestation

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