Rearing of the Bollworm on Artificial Diet1

Vanderzant, Erma S.; Richardson, Christine D.; Fort, Sam W.

doi:10.1093/jee/55.1.140

Cited by 162 publications

(46 citation statements)

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“…H. virescens and H. zea eggs originated from insect colonies maintained on an artificial diet (42) with no exposure to Bt toxins at Bayer CropScience (Monheim, Germany). All bioassays were performed with neonate larvae under standard rearing conditions of a 16-h light, 8-h dark photoperiod and 26°C.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Binding Sites for Bacillus thuringiensis Cry2Ae Toxin on Heliothine Brush Border Membrane Vesicles Are Not Shared with Cry1A, Cry1F, or Vip3A Toxin

Gouffon

Vliet

Rie

et al. 2011

Appl Environ Microbiol

104

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The use of combinations of Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) toxins with diverse modes of action for insect pest control has been proposed as the most efficient strategy to increase target range and delay the onset of insect resistance. Considering that most cases of cross-resistance to Bt toxins in laboratory-selected insect colonies are due to alteration of common toxin binding sites, independent modes of action can be defined as toxins sharing limited or no binding sites in brush border membrane vesicles (BBMV) prepared from the target insect larvae. In this paper, we report on the specific binding of Cry2Ae toxin to binding sites on BBMV from larvae of the three most commercially relevant heliothine species, Heliothis virescens, Helicoverpa zea, and Helicoverpa armigera. Using chromatographic purification under reducing conditions before labeling, we detected specific binding of radiolabeled Cry2Ae, which allowed us to perform competition assays using Cry1Ab, Cry1Ac, Cry1Fa, Vip3A, Cry2Ae, and Cry2Ab toxins as competitors. In these assays, Cry2Ae binding sites were shared with Cry2Ab but not with the tested Cry1 or Vip3A toxins. Our data support the use of Cry2Ae toxin in combination with Cry1 or Vip3A toxins in strategies to increase target range and delay the onset of heliothine resistance.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Binding Sites for Bacillus thuringiensis Cry2Ae Toxin on Heliothine Brush Border Membrane Vesicles Are Not Shared with Cry1A, Cry1F, or Vip3A Toxin

Gouffon

Vliet

Rie

et al. 2011

Appl Environ Microbiol

104

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“…Heliothis virescens larvae were reared on artificial corn earworm diet (BioServ Inc., Frenchtown, NJ) under controlled conditions (a temperature of 29 6 1 C; 60 6 10% relative humidity and a photoperiod of 14:10 [L:D] h) (Vanderzant et al 1962). Toxoneuron nigriceps was reared in a laboratory culture according to Vinson et al (1973).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Suitability of Various Artificial Pupation Chambers for use by Koinobiont Parasitoid Toxoneuron nigriceps (Hymenoptera: Braconidae)

Henderson

Kuriachan

Vinson

2011

Annals of the Entomological Society of America

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Although koinobiont parasitoids depend on their hosts for nutrition, they often exploit them in other ways during pupation. The solitary endoparasitoid Toxoneuron nigriceps Viereck (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) spins its cocoon in a chamber formed by its host Heliothis virescens (F.) (Lepidoptera: Noctudidae). The parasitoid prepupae depend on this host-formed pupation chamber; if left on an open surface, T. nigriceps larvae are unable to form a cocoon. To determine whether T. nigriceps larvae can form cocoons in artificial pupation chambers, common laboratory materials were tested for suitability. Test chambers included cotton balls, upright test tubes, gelatin capsules, and the wells of microtube racks. The proportion of parasitoids that formed cocoons in each chamber, as well as the proportion that survived to adulthood, were recorded and compared with each other and to those placed in host-formed chambers, as well as to those placed in petri dishes, a flat surface. Parasitoid larvae were able to spin cocoons in all artificial chambers that provided a small, partially enclosed space. The proportion of parasitoids that formed cocoons was largest in cotton balls, but no chambers (other than petri dishes) were significantly different from the host formed control. The proportion of parasitoids that survived to adulthood was significantly smaller in the petri dish and test tube treatments than in the control. Due to the high success rate for cocoon formation and survival, as well as practicality in a mass-rearing situation, gelatin capsules and microtube rack wells were considered the best choices for use as artificial pupation chambers among those tested.

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“…The solution was spread evenly over the diet surface (600 mm 2 ). Diet was prepared as described by Vanderzant et al (1962) and modiÞed by Barker (1988). After the treated diet had air-dried, a single 1-d-old larva was placed in the center of each cup.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Median Lethal Concentration and Efficacy of Bacillus Thuringiensis Against Banded Sunflower Moth (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae)

Jyoti¹,

Brewer²

1999

Journal of Economic Entomology

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Rearing of the Bollworm on Artificial Diet1

Cited by 162 publications

References 0 publications

Binding Sites for Bacillus thuringiensis Cry2Ae Toxin on Heliothine Brush Border Membrane Vesicles Are Not Shared with Cry1A, Cry1F, or Vip3A Toxin

Binding Sites for Bacillus thuringiensis Cry2Ae Toxin on Heliothine Brush Border Membrane Vesicles Are Not Shared with Cry1A, Cry1F, or Vip3A Toxin

Suitability of Various Artificial Pupation Chambers for use by Koinobiont Parasitoid Toxoneuron nigriceps (Hymenoptera: Braconidae)

Median Lethal Concentration and Efficacy of Bacillus Thuringiensis Against Banded Sunflower Moth (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae)

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