Rearing of Bivalve Mollusks

Loosanoff, Victor L.; Davis, Harry

doi:10.1016/s0065-2881(08)60257-6

Cited by 545 publications

(295 citation statements)

References 53 publications

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“…High microalgae rations affect the survivorship of cultures, because those cells that are not eaten by larvae suffer microbial decomposition processes, exposing cultures to noxious bacteria and fungi (Loosanoff & Davis 1963, Helm & Bourne 2004, Liu et al 2006. This was corroborated by Hurley et al (1997), who concluded that rations greater than 200,000 cells ml -1 day -1 are excessive and are less productive, finding that the optimal for good growth and survival of S. solidissima similis larvae is a ration somewhere between 50,000 and 100,000 cells ml -1 day -1 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It has been demonstrated that these parameters are closely related to growth and survivorship, as in the case of clams Mercenaria mercenaria (Loosanoff & Davis 1963, Castagna & Kraeuter 1981, Riisgard 1988, Paphia malabarica (Gireesh & Gopinathan 2008) and Spisula solidissima (Goldberg 1989). Food rations used for larval culture can exceed 50,000 cells ml -1 day -1 , O´Beirn et al 1997.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effect of stocking density and food ration on growth and survival of veliger and pediveliger larvae of the taquilla clam Mulinia edulis reared in the laboratory

Oliva

Abarca

Gutiérrez

et al. 2014

Rev. biol. mar. oceanogr.

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Efecto de la densidad de cultivo y la ración de alimento en el crecimiento y supervivencia de larvas velígeras y pedivelígeras de la almeja taquilla Mulinia edulis cultivadas en el laboratorio Resumen.-Para evaluar el efecto de la densidad sobre el crecimiento y la sobrevivencia se cultivaron larvas velígeras de la almeja taquilla Mulinia edulis a una densidad de 10 y 20 larvas ml -1 , alimentadas con 25.000 cel. ml -1 día -1 de una mezcla de Isochrysis aff. galbana (T-ISO) y Nannochloropsis oculata en recipientes de 5 L. Para medir el efecto de la ración de alimento se utilizaron 25.000 y 50.000 cel. ml -1 día -1 . Al final del experimento de densidad se encontraron diferencias en la supervivencia, pero no en el crecimiento. Las raciones de alimento experimentales no mostraron difer encias, ni en el crecimiento ni en la supervivencia larval. Para establecer el efecto de la densidad en el asentamiento, se cultivaron larvas pedivelígeras a densidades de 5, 10, 20 y 40 larvas cm -2 , en un sistema down-welling. Para determinar la ración adecuada se usaron 25.000, 50.000 y 100.000 cel. ml -1 día -1 de T-ISO y un cuarto tratamiento con aumento progresivo del alimento (25.000 a 100.000 cel. ml -1 día -1 ). El efecto de la densidad para las larvas pedivelígeras fue significativo en el crecimiento y en la supervivencia. Las densidades más bajas presentaron mayores tamaños y supervivencia y las postlarvas alimentadas con una ración de 100.000 cel. ml -1 día -1 alcanzaron la mayor longitud valvar (1728 ± 293 m). La mayor sobrevivencia (65%) se obtuvo con la ración ascendente a la edad de 50 días desde larva D. Para mejorar la producción masiva de semillas, se recomienda utilizar una densidad inicial de 10 larvas ml -1 y una concentración de microalgas de 25.000 cel. ml -1 día -1 . Para los cultivos postlarvales se recomienda una densidad de cultivo entre 5 y 10 larvas pedivelígeras cm -2 y una ración ascendente de alimento. Palabras clave: Cultivo de almejas, larva D, postlarvas, ChileAbstract.-In order to evaluate the effect of stocking density on growth and survival, veliger larvae of Mulinia edulis were reared at densities of 10 and 20 larvae ml -1 fed with a mix of 25,000 cells ml -1 day -1 of Isochrysis aff. galbana (T-ISO) and Nannochloropsis oculata in 5 L buckets. In ration experiments, larvae were fed with of 25,000 and 50,000 cells ml -1 day -1 . By the end of the stocking experiment, significant differences were found in survival but not in larval growth rate. The ration experiment showed no differences in the growth nor in the survival of the larvae. To establish the effect of stocking density on settlement of pediveliger larvae, these were reared in a down-welling system at densities of 5, 10, 20 and 40 larvae cm -2 .To determine an adequate food ration during settlement, pediveliger larvae were provided with 25,000, 50,000 and 100,000 cells ml -1 day -1 of T-ISO; a fourth treatment with a progressive increase of cells (25,000 to 100,000 cells ml -1 day -1 ) was used. Lower density treatments showed greater...

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of stocking density and food ration on growth and survival of veliger and pediveliger larvae of the taquilla clam Mulinia edulis reared in the laboratory

Oliva

Abarca

Gutiérrez

et al. 2014

Rev. biol. mar. oceanogr.

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“…Such a thermal conditioning treatment was repeated regularly for 3 weeks. Animals were induced to spawn using a combined thermal-mechanical stimulation (Loosanoff and Davies 1963;Hrs-Brenko and Calabrese 1969). Mature eggs were fertilized by adding a drop of sperm to the egg suspension.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Carbonic anhydrase activity and biomineralization process in embryos, larvae and adult blue mussels Mytilus edulis L.

Medaković¹

2000

Helgoland Marine Research

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To decide whether a physiological role can be attributed to enzymatic activity with respect to crystal formation and biomineralization of the first larval shell, carbonic anhydrase (CA) activity was measured in embryos and larvae of the blue mussels Mytilus edulis L. Also, CA activity was determined in the mantle edge and gonads of adult mussels with different shell length and condition index. The intention was to find a possible correlation between CA activity and adult shell calcification, i.e. gonadal maturation. The comparison of CA activity in different developmental stages of mussels and the results of an X-ray diffraction study of biomineralization processes in embryonic and larval shells indicate that CA activity is maximal at the end of several developmental stages. Consequently, the increase in CA activity precedes some physiological changes, i.e. the somatoblast 2d formation and the occurrence of the first calcite and quartz crystals in embryos, shell field formation in the gastrula stage, shell gland and periostracum production in trochophores, and rapid aragonite deposition in larval prodissoconch I and prodissoconch II shells. Furthermore, it was found that in adult mussels CA activity was quite variable and that in the mantle edge it was frequently inversely related to the activity in the gonad.

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“…The increase of seawater temperature during broodstock conditioning helps the maturation process in most of the species, except for E. arcuatus that is conditioned to ripeness at low temperature. In some species (S. marginatus, E. siliqua), the ripe adult can be successfully induced to spawn using thermal shock (Loosanoff and Davies, 1963;Martinez-Patiño et al, 2007;da Costa and Martinez-Patiño, 2009), while in E. arcuatus the change of water levels by simulating tides is the only effective method (da Costa et al, 2008).…”

Section: Reproduction Larval and Post-larval Rearingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Molluscs and echinoderms aquaculture: biological aspects, current status, technical progress and future perspectives for the most promising species in Italy

Parisi

Centoducati

Gasco

et al. 2012

Italian Journal of Animal Science

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Shellfish aquaculture is a widespread activity in the Italian peninsula. However, only two bivalve species are mainly cultured along the coastline of that country: the Mediterranean mussel Mytilus galloprovincialis and the Manila clam Venerupis philippinarum (Ruditapes philippinarum). By contrast, just a few other mollusc species of commercial interest are scarcely reared at a small-scale level.After analysing the current status of Italian shellfish production, this paper reports and discusses the potential for culturing several different invertebrate species [i.e., the European flat oyster Ostrea edulis, the grooved carpet shell Venerupis decussata (Ruditapes decussatus), the razor clams Ensis minor and Solen marginatus, the cephalopod Octopus vulgaris, and the purple sea urchin Paracentrotus lividus] in this country.In addition, a detailed overview of the progress made in aquacultural techniques for these species in the Mediterranean basin is presented, highlighting the most relevant bottlenecks and the way forward to shift from the experimental to the aquaculture phase. Finally, an outlook of the main economic and environmental benefits arising from these shellfish culture practices is also given.

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Rearing of Bivalve Mollusks

Cited by 545 publications

References 53 publications

Effect of stocking density and food ration on growth and survival of veliger and pediveliger larvae of the taquilla clam Mulinia edulis reared in the laboratory

Effect of stocking density and food ration on growth and survival of veliger and pediveliger larvae of the taquilla clam Mulinia edulis reared in the laboratory

Carbonic anhydrase activity and biomineralization process in embryos, larvae and adult blue mussels Mytilus edulis L.

Molluscs and echinoderms aquaculture: biological aspects, current status, technical progress and future perspectives for the most promising species in Italy

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