Reappraising the exteriorization of the mammalian testes through evolutionary physiology

Miller, William B.; Torday, John S.

doi:10.1080/19420889.2019.1586047

Cited by 10 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 148 publications

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“…Whether the driving force of this anatomical displacement has been the achievement of better reproductive fitness, linked to a lower internal organ temperature, or that the lower temperature of the testicle is a physiological characteristic derived from the evolutionary advantage of having an external gonad is currently unclear and a matter of investigation. Indeed, compared to the original abdominal location of the testis common to all animals, the evolutionary descend to a variable extent to their final mature location is the result of a specific selection pressure, having the water–land transition and the endothermy affirmation as major influences, further harmonized by specific intra-tissue cell crosstalk ( Miller and Torday, 2019 ). The most complete hypotheses available to date suggest that the evolutionary water–earth transition on one hand favored a greater availability of oxygen from the atmosphere.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Global warming and testis function: A challenging crosstalk in an equally challenging environmental scenario

Toni

Finocchi

Jawich

et al. 2023

Front. Cell Dev. Biol.

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Environmental pollution, accounting for both chemical and physical factors, is a major matter of concern due to its health consequences in both humans and animals. The release of greenhouse gases with the consequent increase in environmental temperature is acknowledged to have a major impact on the health of both animals and humans, in current and future generations. A large amount of evidence reports detrimental effects of acute heat stress on testis function, particularly on the spermatogenetic and steroidogenetic process, in both animal and human models, wich is largely related to the testis placement within the scrotal sac and outside the abdomen, warranting an overall scrotal temperature of 2°C–4°C lower than the core body temperature. This review will provide a thorough evaluation of environmental temperature’s effect on testicular function. In particular, basic concepts of body thermoregulation will be discussed together with available data about the association between testis damage and heat stress exposure. In addition, the possible association between global warming and the secular decline of testis function will be critically evaluated in light of the available epidemiological studies.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Global warming and testis function: A challenging crosstalk in an equally challenging environmental scenario

Toni

Finocchi

Jawich

et al. 2023

Front. Cell Dev. Biol.

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“…In most mammals testes migrates from abdomen to scrotum except in some species where they are situated within the abdominal cavity [1]. The coherent explanation for why testes attain an extracorporeal location could be the low ambient temperature provided by the scrotum necessary for the physiological functioning of the male gonads [2,3]. The scrotal temperature is believed to be 2-4 °C lower than the core body temperature [4].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The curious case of testicular descent: factors controlling testicular descent with a note on cryptorchidism

2023

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Background The testicular descent is a uniquely complex process depending upon multiple factors like growth and reorganisation of the specific gonadal ligaments, hormones, etc., which interplay with each other. Though an unambiguous event, it is still laced with incredulity since the data interpretation were intermingled between different species creating more ambiguity in certain aspects of this process. In order to understand the aetiopathology of cryptorchidism the extensive study of the factors controlling the descent is necessitous. Main body Though testes originate in the abdomen, they migrate to an extra abdominal site the scrotum, which makes it vulnerable to pathological conditions associated with the descent. The hormones that play vital role in the first phase of descent are insulin-like hormone 3 (INSL3), Anti-müllerian hormone as well as testosterone, whereas androgens, genitofemoral nerve and its neurotransmitter calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) influence the second phase. Despite the vast research regarding the complex nexus of events involving the descent there are disparities among the cross species studies. However all these discrepancies make testicular descent yet again fascinating and perplexing. Our aim is to provide a comprehensive review including recent advances which provides thorough coverage of anatomical and hormonal factors in the descent as well as cryptorchidism. Conclusion Though our understanding on testicular descent has evolved over the decades there still has obscurity surrounding it and the studies on the factors responsible for descent are becoming more intense with the time. Our knowledge on many factors such as INSL3 and CGRP is more established now; however, on the other hand the role of androgens still remains speculative. As the knowledge and understanding of the biological process of testicular descent increases it will pave ways to new treatment plans to treat cryptorchidism more effectively.

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Phenotype, Niche Construction, and Natural Cellular Engineering

Torday

Miller

2020

Cellular-Molecular Mechanisms in Epigenetic Evolutionary Biology

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Reappraising the exteriorization of the mammalian testes through evolutionary physiology

Cited by 10 publications

References 148 publications

Global warming and testis function: A challenging crosstalk in an equally challenging environmental scenario

Global warming and testis function: A challenging crosstalk in an equally challenging environmental scenario

The curious case of testicular descent: factors controlling testicular descent with a note on cryptorchidism

Phenotype, Niche Construction, and Natural Cellular Engineering

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