Reappraisal of the taxonomy of Streptococcus suis serotypes 20, 22, 26, and 33 based on DNA–DNA homology and sodA and recN phylogenies

Tien, Le Hong Thuy; Nishibori, Tomoyuki; Nishitani, Yosuke; Nomoto, Ryohei; Osawa, Ro

doi:10.1016/j.vetmic.2012.11.001

Cited by 83 publications

(90 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…Because chromosomal loci of the cps gene clusters were defined on the basis of the draft genome sequence data, further analysis including the complete genome sequencing of the reference strains will be needed to confirm the precise locus of each cps gene cluster. However, different chromosomal loci of the cps gene clusters found in this study and the phylogenetic analysis of the cpsA-cpsD regions further support the phylogenetically distant relation of these serotype reference strains in the S. suis population, as suggested previously (39)(40)(41).…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 89%

“…In addition, serotype 32 and 34 reference strains were indicated to be Streptococcus orisratti by Hill et al (40), and a recent work by Tien et al (41) showed that reference strains of serotypes 20, 22, 26, and 33 should be also removed from taxon of S. suis. Intriguingly, in our data, only serotype 20, 22, and 26 reference strains had the cps gene clusters of pattern III, and only serotype 32 and 34 reference strains had the clusters of pattern IV.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Genetic Analysis of Capsular Polysaccharide Synthesis Gene Clusters from All Serotypes of Streptococcus suis: Potential Mechanisms for Generation of Capsular Variation

Okura

Takamatsu

Maruyama

et al. 2013

Appl Environ Microbiol

127

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 89%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genetic Analysis of Capsular Polysaccharide Synthesis Gene Clusters from All Serotypes of Streptococcus suis: Potential Mechanisms for Generation of Capsular Variation

Okura

Takamatsu

Maruyama

et al. 2013

Appl Environ Microbiol

127

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“…We used 16S rRNA primers (20) to amplify a nearly complete 16S rRNA gene from the 78 isolates. The recN and gdh genes were also analyzed for taxonomic assignment, as was done previously (21)(22)(23). The API 20 Strep biochemical identification system (bioMérieux, Hazelwood, MO) was also used to identify the strains.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Eight Novel Capsular Polysaccharide Synthesis Gene Loci Identified in Nontypeable Streptococcus suis Isolates

Zheng

Liu

et al. 2015

Appl Environ Microbiol

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cStreptococcus suis is an important pathogen of pigs and may cause serious disease in humans. Serotyping is one of the important diagnostic tools and is used for the epidemiological study of S. suis. Nontypeable S. suis strains have been reported in many studies; however, the capsular polysaccharide (CPS) synthesis cps loci of nontypeable strains have not been analyzed. In this study, we investigated the genetic characteristics of cps loci in 78 nontypeable strains isolated from healthy pigs. Eight novel cps loci (NCLs) were found, and all of them were located between the orfZ-orfX region and the glf gene. All NCLs possess the wzy and wzx genes, strongly suggesting that the CPSs of these NCLs were synthesized using the Wzx/Wzy-dependent pathway. The cps genes found in the 78 isolates were assigned to 96 homology groups (HGs), 55 of which were NCL specific. The encapsulation of the 78 isolates was also examined using transmission electron microscopy. Fifty-three isolates were found to have a capsule, and these were of varied thicknesses. Our data enhance our understanding of the cps gene cluster diversity of nontypeable S. suis strains and provide insight into the evolution of the S. suis capsular genes. Streptococcus suis is an important pathogen of pigs (1) and may cause serious disease in humans (2-4). Serotyping is one of the important tools for diagnosis and is used in epidemiological studies of S. suis. A total of 35 S. suis serotypes (serotypes 1 through 34 and 1/2) are known on the basis of the antigenic differences in their capsular polysaccharides (CPSs) (5-8) and the coagglutination test. The S. suis cps gene clusters of the 35 serotypes have been sequenced, and the cps gene clusters were shown to be diverse among different serotypes (9). The predicted products of the cps genes found in the 35 serotypes were assigned to 291 homology groups (HGs). The precise function of many cps genes is still unknown.The synthesis and export of bacterial polysaccharides are mediated by three pathways known as the Wzx/Wzy-dependent pathway, the synthase-dependent pathway, and the ABC transporter-dependent pathway. The Wzx/Wzy-dependent pathway is most commonly used in Streptococcus pneumoniae capsular biosynthesis (10). Although the precise function of most of the cps genes of S. suis is still unknown, the CPSs of all serotypes of S. suis are also thought to be synthesized by the Wzx/Wzy-dependent pathway. This pathway involves the synthesis of the polysaccharide repeat units, which are initially built on the inner face of the cytoplasmic membrane; transport of the repeat units to the outer face of the membrane by Wzx flippase; and then polymerization of the repeat units by Wzy polymerase. Wzy-dependent polymers usually contain various sugars and glycosidic linkages. The specificity of the Wzy polymerase determines the linkage that it catalyzes between sugars on the growing chain and the next repeat unit. Therefore, the wzy gene is serotype specific. Hence, the serotype-specific wzy gene is an ideal target to discrimin...

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“…Before 2005, S. suis was classified into 35 serotypes based on differences in capsular polysaccharide antigens [1,3,4] . In 2005, serotypes 32 and 34 were suggested to class into Streptococcus orisratti [4] , and subsequently serotypes 20, 22, 26 and 33 were also removed from the S. suis taxon [5,6] . Hence, there are currently 29 remaining true S. suis serotypes [7] .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Diagnostik Antijen Olarak Rekombinant Sao-M Protein Kullanılarak Streptococcus suis’in Tanısı Amacıyla PPA-ELİSA Geliştirilmesi

Xia¹,

Zhang²,

Cheng³

et al. 2017

Kafkas Univ Vet Fak Derg

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Streptococcus suis, an important zoonotic agent, is responsible for outbreaks of human infections. The accurate and rapid detection of S. suis may help control the potential outbreak and ameliorate patient outcomes. In the present study, Sao-M was used to establish a horseradish peroxidase enzyme-linked staphylococcal protein A immunosorbent assay (PPA-ELISA) for the diagnosis of S. suis infection. Results of chessboard titration test showed that the optimal concentration of coating antigen and dilution of serum were 8 µg/ml and 1:80, respectively. The cut-off was confirmed as OD450≥0.351 for positive response. The specificity of test indicated that rSao-M had no cross-reaction with antisera against the other 6 species of pathogens. The variation coefficient of intra-batch and inter-batch in the repeating tests was less than 9.5%. Comparative analysis by using conventional ELISA kit and established GDH-based ELISA showed that the present PPA-ELISA has higher specificity and sensitivity than GDH-based ELISA. A total seroprevalence of 6.6% in 500 pig serum samples indicated the method's applicability to detect S. suis infection. Cumulatively, the results suggested that the PPA-ELISA is a rapid, sensitive and specific diagnostic method and could be used as a new tool for large-scale epidemiological surveys and serological diagnosis of S. suis infection. Keywords: Streptococcus suis, PPA-ELISA, Sao-M, Diagnosis Diagnostik Antijen Olarak Rekombinant Sao-M Protein KullanılarakStreptococcus suis'in Tanısı Amacıyla PPA-ELİSA Geliştirilmesi ÖzetStreptococcus suis, insanlarda enfeksiyona neden olan salgınlardan sorumlu önemli bir zoonotik ajandır. S. suis'in doğru ve hızlı bir şekilde tespit edilmesi enfeksiyona bağlı salgınları kontrol edebilir ve hastalığa bağlı etkileri azaltabilir. Bu çalışmada, Sao-M, S suis enfeksiyonunun teşhisi amacıyla peroksidaz enzim-bağlı stafilokokal protein A immün testi (PPA-ELİSA) için kullanılmıştır. Satranç tahtası titrasyon testinin sonuçları, kaplama antijeninin optimal konsantrasyonu ve serum sulandırılmasını sırasıyla 8 µg/mL ve 1:80 olarak göstermiştir. Pozitif cevap için eşik değeri OD450≥0.351 olarak belirlendi. Testin spesifitesi rSao-M'nin diğer 6 patojen türe karşı kullanılan antiserum ile çapraz reaksiyon vermediğini gösterdi. Tekrar testlerinde yığın içi ve yığınlar arası varyasyon katsayısı %9.5'ten az idi. Geleneksel ELİSA kiti ve kurulan GDH tabanlı ELİSA'nın karşılaştırmalı analizinde, mevcut PPA-ELİSA testinin GDH tabanlı ELİSA testinden daha yüksek spesifite ve sensitiviteye sahip olduğunu gösterdi. 500 domuz serumu örneğinde toplam seroprevalansın %6.6 olduğu ve bunun yöntemin S. suis enfeksiyonunun saptanmasında uygunluğunu gösterdi. Sonuçlar, PPA-ELİSA'nın hızlı, duyarlı ve spesifik bir tanı yöntemi olduğunu ve S. suis enfeksiyonunun serolojik tanısı için büyük kapsamlı epidemiyolojik araştırmalarda yeni bir araç olarak kullanılabilirliğini göstermektedir.

show abstract

Reappraisal of the taxonomy of Streptococcus suis serotypes 20, 22, 26, and 33 based on DNA–DNA homology and sodA and recN phylogenies

Cited by 83 publications

References 23 publications

Genetic Analysis of Capsular Polysaccharide Synthesis Gene Clusters from All Serotypes of Streptococcus suis: Potential Mechanisms for Generation of Capsular Variation

Genetic Analysis of Capsular Polysaccharide Synthesis Gene Clusters from All Serotypes of Streptococcus suis: Potential Mechanisms for Generation of Capsular Variation

Eight Novel Capsular Polysaccharide Synthesis Gene Loci Identified in Nontypeable Streptococcus suis Isolates

Diagnostik Antijen Olarak Rekombinant Sao-M Protein Kullanılarak Streptococcus suis’in Tanısı Amacıyla PPA-ELİSA Geliştirilmesi

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