Reappraisal of archaeal C20-C25 diether lipid (extended archaeol) origin and use as a biomarker of hypersalinity

Vandier, Flore; Tourte, Maxime; Doumbe-Kingue, Cara; Plancq, Julien; Schaeffer, Philippe; Oger, Philippe; Grossi, Vincent

doi:10.1016/j.orggeochem.2021.104276

Cited by 10 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…Unfortunately, the low amount of hydroxyarchaeol in the investigated samples did not allow for the measurement of its

{normalδ}^{13} C

values that could have informed us on the occurrence of AOM. On the other hand, the range of

{normalδ}^{13} C

values measured for Dead Sea archaeol (between −30 and −25‰) indicates an origin of this compound different from ANME, and its abundance along with that of extended archaeol (Figure 3d) rather supports halophilic archaea of the Haloarchaea class as a major biological source of archaeol (Vandier et al, 2021). These organisms classically dominate in the Dead Sea modern and ancient waters (Bodaker et al, 2010; Thomas & Ariztegui, 2019), and sediments (Grice et al, 1998; Thomas et al, 2015, Thomas, Grossi, et al, 2019).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…indicates an origin of this compound different from ANME, and its abundance along with that of extended archaeol (Figure 3d) rather supports halophilic archaea of the Haloarchaea class as a major biological source of archaeol (Vandier et al, 2021). These organisms classically dominate in the Dead Sea modern and ancient waters (Bodaker et al, 2010;Thomas & Ariztegui, 2019), and sediments (Grice et al, 1998;Thomas et al, 2015, Thomas, Grossi, et al, 2019.…”

Section: Sulfatementioning

confidence: 90%

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Intensified microbial sulfate reduction in the deep Dead Sea during the early Holocene Mediterranean sapropel 1 deposition

et al. 2022

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The hypersaline Dead Sea and its sediments are natural laboratories for studying extremophile microorganism habitat response to environmental change. In modern times, increased freshwater runoff to the lake surface waters resulted in stratification and dilution of the upper water column followed by microbial blooms. However, whether these events facilitated a microbial response in the deep lake and sediments is obscure. Here we investigate archived evidence of microbial processes and changing regional hydroclimate conditions by reconstructing deep Dead Sea chemical compositions from pore fluid major ion concentration and stable S, O, and C isotopes, together with lipid biomarkers preserved in the hypersaline deep Dead Sea ICDP-drilled core sediments dating to the early Holocene (ca. 10,000 years BP). Following a significant negative lake water balance resulting in salt layer deposits at the start of the Holocene, there was a general period of positive net water balance at 9500-8300 years BP.The pore fluid isotopic composition of sulfate exhibit evidence of intensified microbial sulfate reduction, where both δ 34 S and δ 18 O of sulfate show a sharp increase from estimated base values of 15.0‰ and 13.9‰ to 40.2‰ and 20.4‰, respectively, and a δ 34 S vs. δ 18 O slope of 0.26. The presence of the n-C 17 alkane biomarker in the sediments suggests an increase of cyanobacteria or phytoplankton contribution to the bulk organic matter that reached the deepest parts of the Dead Sea. Although hydrologically disconnected, both the Mediterranean Sea and the Dead Sea microbial ecosystems responded to increased freshwater runoff during the early Holocene, with the former depositing the organic-rich sapropel 1 layer due to anoxic water column conditions. In the Dead Sea prolonged positive net water balance facilitated primary production and algal blooms in the upper waters and intensified microbial sulfate reduction in the hypolimnion and/or at the sediment-brine interface.

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“…Unfortunately, the low amount of hydroxyarchaeol in the investigated samples did not allow for the measurement of its

{normalδ}^{13} C

values that could have informed us on the occurrence of AOM. On the other hand, the range of

{normalδ}^{13} C

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 98%

Section: Sulfatementioning

confidence: 90%

Intensified microbial sulfate reduction in the deep Dead Sea during the early Holocene Mediterranean sapropel 1 deposition

et al. 2022

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“…Along with other lipid biomarkers, some DGDs such as extended archaeol (often abbreviated C 20 –C 25 due to both of its alkyl chains) are recurrent biomarkers of archaeal inhabitants in hypersaline environments. Extended archaeol has also been identified in a few species of non-halophilic methanogens (Becker et al , 2016 ), yet, in hypersaline environments it is considered a hallmark of halophilic Euryarchaeota ( Table 2 ), from the clade Haloarchaea (Dawson et al , 2012 ), and mostly from the orders Halobacteriales, Haloferacales, and Natrialbales (Vandier et al , 2021 ). As archaeol is globally distributed among Archaea (Koga et al ., 1993 ; Koga, 2012 ; Tourte et al , 2020 ), the relative abundance of extended archaeol over archaeol may be used as a proxy of Haloarchaea (Vandier et al , 2021 ).…”

Section: Hypersaline Environmentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

An Overview of Lipid Biomarkers in Terrestrial Extreme Environments with Relevance for Mars Exploration

et al. 2023

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Lipid molecules are organic compounds, insoluble in water, and based on carbon-carbon chains that form an integral part of biological cell membranes. As such, lipids are ubiquitous in life on Earth, which is why they are considered useful biomarkers for life detection in terrestrial environments. These molecules display effective membrane-forming properties even under geochemically hostile conditions that challenge most of microbial life, which grants lipids a universal biomarker character suitable for life detection beyond Earth, where a putative biological membrane would also be required. What discriminates lipids from nucleic acids or proteins is their capacity to retain diagnostic information about their biological source in their recalcitrant hydrocarbon skeletons for thousands of millions of years, which is indispensable in the field of astrobiology given the time span that the geological ages of planetary bodies encompass. This work gathers studies that have employed lipid biomarker approaches for paleoenvironmental surveys and life detection purposes in terrestrial environments with extreme conditions: hydrothermal, hyperarid, hypersaline, and highly acidic, among others; all of which are analogous to current or past conditions on Mars. Although some of the compounds discussed in this review may be abiotically synthesized, we focus on those with a biological origin, namely lipid biomarkers. Therefore, along with appropriate complementary techniques such as bulk and compound-specific stable carbon isotope analysis, this work recapitulates and reevaluates the potential of lipid biomarkers as an additional, powerful tool to interrogate whether there is life on Mars, or if there ever was.

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“…We also monitored for extended archaeol, biomarker specific to halophilic Euryarchaeota, in a subset of samples (Bale et al, 2019;Vandier et al, 2021) and calculate the ratio R EA following Vandier et al (2021):…”

Section: Gdgt Quantificationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…We measured extended archaeol for six samples (three pre-5.5 ka, three post-5.5 ka) and detect this compound in all six. We calculate R EA , defined by Vandier et al (2021) as the ratio of extended archaeol to the sum of extended archaeol and archaeol, and find R EA to range from 3% to 30%, with the pre-5.5 ka average being 20% (1σ = 12%) and the post-5.5 ka being 6% (1σ = 3%) (Figures 4a and 5b). The presence of this compound confirms the presence of abundant halophilic Euryarchaeota.…”

Section: Gsl Holocene Paleosalinitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Holocene Water Balance Variations in Great Salt Lake, Utah: Application of GDGT Indices and the ACE Salinity Proxy

Lowenstein

Jagniecki

et al. 2023

Paleoceanog and Paleoclimatol

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Paleoclimate reconstructions of the Holocene provide insights into the stability or sensitivity of our present climate state. While it is a time of relative climatic stability compared to the glacial-interglacial cycles that preceded it, the changes may in some cases be profound especially in zones prone to drought-stress. In southwestern North America, lake sediments and speleothems record a generally wet early Holocene (11-8 ka), and a dry middle Holocene (8-4 ka) with a return to relatively moist late Holocene (Lachniet et al., 2020 and references therein). Although many Holocene climate modeling studies have struggled to simulate the mid-Holocene warmth, recent modeling has found this emerges with the addition of vegetation feedbacks (Thompson et al., 2022). As the mid-Holocene warming may be an analog for the current warming, it is studied here as context for the current drought in the region.Great Salt Lake (GSL), UT, USA, at 41.1°N is a remnant of a larger lake, Lake Bonneville. Lake Bonneville reached its maximum size during the termination of the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM) at ∼18 ka then shrank to the areal extent of modern GSL by ∼13 ka (Oviatt et al., 2021). The drying between the LGM and Holocene greatly increased salinity in the residual lake and left behind the Bonneville salt flats. This drastic shrinking and lake level drop was recorded in preserved shorelines (Oviatt et al., 2021). In contrast, any recessional shorelines of the mid-Holocene arid interval have been lost to subsequent late Holocene transgressions. Instead, continuous geochemical records from sediment cores have potential to reconstruct Holocene climate. As its name implies, GSL is salty with current salinity of 120-180 g/L (data for 2010-2021; Rupke & McDonald, 2012),

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Reappraisal of archaeal C20-C25 diether lipid (extended archaeol) origin and use as a biomarker of hypersalinity

Cited by 10 publications

References 21 publications

Intensified microbial sulfate reduction in the deep Dead Sea during the early Holocene Mediterranean sapropel 1 deposition

Intensified microbial sulfate reduction in the deep Dead Sea during the early Holocene Mediterranean sapropel 1 deposition

An Overview of Lipid Biomarkers in Terrestrial Extreme Environments with Relevance for Mars Exploration

Holocene Water Balance Variations in Great Salt Lake, Utah: Application of GDGT Indices and the ACE Salinity Proxy

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