Reappraisal is an effective emotion regulation strategy in children with Tourette syndrome and ADHD

Hagstrøm, Julie; Maigaard, Katrine; Pagsberg, Anne Katrine; Skov, Lone; Plessen, Kerstin Jessica; Vangkilde, Signe

doi:10.1016/j.jbtep.2019.101541

Cited by 11 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…We are unaware of any previous works that tested these or related predictions and hence any prediction had to be based on the purely theoretical claims made by Givon et al (2020) and Karmon-Presser et al (2018). We found one work showing that down regulation of negative emotion by reappraisal led to slower emotion reports (Hagstrøm et al, 2020).…”

Section: Feeling Generation As Evidence Accumulationmentioning

confidence: 95%

Cognitive appraisal contributes to feeling generation through emotional evidence accumulation rate: Evidence from instructed fictional reappraisal.

Singer-Landau¹,

Meiran²

2021

Emotion

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How do (reportable) emotional feelings come to be? Following William James and many others, Givon et al. ( 2020) described the generation of feelings as evidence accumulation toward a boundary. In this work, we began clarifying the nature of "evidence". In two preregistered experiments, participants were presented with normed emotion-evoking negative/positive pictures that were described as reflecting either authentic or fictitious happenings ("fictional reappraisal"). In negative pictures (but contrary to our predictions, not in positive pictures), fictional reappraisal slowed feeling reports and reduced the rate of unpleasant feeling reports. An evidence accumulation model, the Hierarchical Linear Ballistic Accumulator model, was fit to the results from negative stimuli. This analysis indicated that fictional reappraisal selectively slowed the rate of evidence accumulation favoring (the normatively "correct") unpleasant feeling reports and speeded evidence accumulation favoring (the normatively "wrong") pleasant feeling reports. Fictional reappraisal did not change the response criterion, specifying the required amount of evidence for report. These results suggest that cognitive appraisals contribute to (and are a part of) emotional evidence, as operationalized in evidence accumulation models, and provide additional support for the usefulness of these models for the study of feeling reports.

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Section: Feeling Generation As Evidence Accumulationmentioning

confidence: 95%

Cognitive appraisal contributes to feeling generation through emotional evidence accumulation rate: Evidence from instructed fictional reappraisal.

Singer-Landau¹,

Meiran²

2021

Emotion

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“…Christiansen, Hirsch, Albrecht, & Chavanon, 2019; Jensen et al, 2018; Nigg et al, 2020) and generally indicates that ED is part of the ADHD presentation. Interestingly, in a study of ER with a different lab‐based measure, but with the same groups of children as in the present study, we instructed children in the specific ER strategy of cognitive reappraisal (Hagstrøm et al, 2020) and did not see any differences between groups. This suggests that children with ADHD do not present with the same difficulties compared to controls when they receive directions on how to employ the strategy.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 76%

“…Hence, a growing body of evidence suggests that ADHD creates a predisposition for the development of ED in TS, but research in this field has suffered from a scarcity of experimental tests. Studies have relied on parent-reported questionnaires or have focused on dichotomously establishing the presence/absence of ED, with the exception of a recent experimental study of cognitive reappraisal, which did not demonstrate any difference between children with TS and typically developing controls (Hagstrøm et al, 2020).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An observational study of emotion regulation in children with Tourette syndrome

Hagstrøm

Spang

Vangkilde

et al. 2020

Child Psychology Psychiatry

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Background: Explosive outbursts occur in 25%-70% of children with Tourette syndrome (TS) and may cause more distress than the tics themselves. Previous studies have indicated that a comorbid diagnosis of attention-deficit/ hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is associated with emotional dysregulation in TS; however, this relationship has almost exclusively been studied using parent-reported questionnaires. Methods: We examined emotion regulation (ER) with an observational measure in 150 medication-na€ ıve children aged 7-12 allocated to four groups: Forty-nine children with TS, 23 children with ADHD, 16 children with TS + ADHD, and 62 typically developing controls. We assessed participants' ER ability, as well as parent-child interactions in the context of a complex puzzle task, and coded the observed behavior with the Tangram Emotion Coding Manual (TEC-M). We examined group differences in ER, as well as associations between ER and severity of symptoms pertaining to TS and ADHD. Results: Children with TS did not differ from controls in their ER ability. However, children with ADHD and TS + ADHD had more problems with ER than those with TS only and controls. Finally, parents of children with ADHD displayed more tension during the experimental task. ER ability was not associated with tic severity nor premonitory urges; however, better ER ability was associated with less severe symptoms of ADHD. Conclusions: This study is the first to evaluate ER with an observational, clinician-rated measure in a controlled social setting in children with TS. Our findings support earlier questionnaire-based studies by showing impaired ER in children with TS + ADHD, but not in children with TS without comorbidity. These findings inform our understanding of the phenomenology of emotional dysregulation in TS and the role of comorbid disorders.

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“…It is important to consider characteristics like age, gender, race, ethnicity, and clinical status when interpreting patterns of reappraisal use and ability. For example, Hagstrøm et al (2020) found the ability to reappraise to be positively correlated with age, where older children tended to use a wider range of reappraisal tactics and regulate more effectively compared to younger children. Other studies found the use of change current circumstances and distancing to increase with age while the use of change future consequences and reality challenge to decrease (Nook et al, 2020).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

How do people use reappraisal? An investigation of selection frequency and affective outcomes of reappraisal tactics.

Vlasenko,

Hayutin,

Pan

et al. 2024

Emotion

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Although the effects of different emotion regulation strategies are well-documented, most studies to date have focused on the selection and implementation of broad strategies, while overlooking the selection and implementation of specific tactics to enact those strategies. The present research investigated the strategy of cognitive reappraisal and the differences in selection frequency and affective outcomes that are associated with the implementation of different reappraisal tactics to enact that strategy. Participants completed a laboratory task in which they were instructed to reappraise or not to reappraise negative images and reported on their use of specific reappraisal tactics for every trial. Using established reappraisal tactic coding, we assessed how people selected from among common tactics for each image (Study 1) and all tactics (Study 2) and implemented those tactics to reappraise negative images. We compared reappraisal tactic selection and implementation when used during instructed reappraisal versus during spontaneous reappraisal, in the nonreappraise condition. Results of both studies indicate that tactics were used more often when instructed to reappraise versus when spontaneously reappraising. Participants used some tactics (e.g., reality challenge) more frequently compared to the rest of the tactics in both conditions. Negative affect was lower following instructed versus spontaneous reappraisal. Some tactics (e.g., change current circumstances) were more effective at decreasing negative affect in both conditions. Knowing which reappraisal tactics are most frequently selected, and their affective outcomes when used when prompted or spontaneously, may help us better understand how to improve people's ability to use reappraisal to achieve their emotional goals.

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Reappraisal is an effective emotion regulation strategy in children with Tourette syndrome and ADHD

Cited by 11 publications

References 29 publications

Cognitive appraisal contributes to feeling generation through emotional evidence accumulation rate: Evidence from instructed fictional reappraisal.

Cognitive appraisal contributes to feeling generation through emotional evidence accumulation rate: Evidence from instructed fictional reappraisal.

An observational study of emotion regulation in children with Tourette syndrome

How do people use reappraisal? An investigation of selection frequency and affective outcomes of reappraisal tactics.

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