Realization of the kilogram by measuring at 100 kV with the voltage balance ETF

Bego, V.; Butorac, Josip; Ilić, Damir

doi:10.1109/19.769566

Cited by 26 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…The moveable electrode is suspended on a spring having a spring constant similar to that of the AFM cantilever to be calibrated (see Fig 1). The basic principle of operation is inherited from excellent work in recent years on electrical realisation of much larger forces by the Watt Balance method [7,8]. The calibration comprises three steps, the first two of which are performed in vacuum.…”

Section: Operatin2 Principlementioning

confidence: 99%

A Microfabricated Spring-Constant Calibration Device for Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) Potentially Traceable to the SI

Cumpson

Hedley

2004

2004 Conference on Precision Electromagnetic Measurements

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We have developed a compact and easy-to-use MEMS (micro electro-mechanical) calibration device for Atomic Force Microscopy, using a method that allows traceability to the SI system. The new device, which we call an Electrical Nanobalance, is calibrated by a non-contact method, a combination of electrical measurements and Doppler velocimetry. For the AFM user, the device offers a simple, accurate and traceable method for AFM cantilever spring constant calibration, for the first time.

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Section: Operatin2 Principlementioning

confidence: 99%

A Microfabricated Spring-Constant Calibration Device for Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) Potentially Traceable to the SI

Cumpson

Hedley

2004

2004 Conference on Precision Electromagnetic Measurements

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“…The elastic electrostatic force is generated by a twin-Kelvin-capacitor system with easy alignment procedure. Compared with the voltage balance experiment [9], the applied dc voltage is only several kilovolt (typical 1000V), thus the uncertainty due to the resistance divider [10] is reduced. Besides, the measurement is insensitive to the air buoyancy as well as the local gravity acceleration g.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The NIM Inertial Mass Measurement Project

Zhang

et al. 2014

IEEE Trans. Instrum. Meas.

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An inertial mass measurement project, which is expected to precisely measure the Planck constant, h, for possible comparisons with known gravitational mass measurement projects, e.g., the watt balance and the Avogadro project, is being carried out at the National Institute of Metrology, China. The principle, apparatus, and experimental investigations of the inertial mass measurement are presented. The prototype of the experiment and the Planck constant with relative uncertainty of several parts in 10 4 have been achieved for principle testing. Index Termsthe Planck constant, inertial mass measurement, capacitance measurement, mechanical oscillator.

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“…The principle was proposed by B. P. Kibble (NPL) in 1975 [3]. The aim of the project is to compare a mechanical power with an electromagnetic power in order to link mass to the Planck's constant [4][5][6]. The measurement system is mainly composed of a force comparator, a coil immersed in a 1T radial induction field being suspended below one of its arms.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Novel concept of interferometric control of the moving coil in watt balance

Wakim

Chassagne

Topsu

et al. 2007

Optical Sensing Technology and Applications

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One of the most promising projects for the new definition of the kilogram is the watt balance. It uses a two-mode procedure: static mode and dynamic mode. One of the key points is to control the velocity, the yaw and the pitch of a moving coil during the dynamic mode. We have developed a specific method based on the use of a homemade double pass heterodyne interferometer, a two-level translation stage, and a home-made high frequency phase shifting electronic circuit. This system will replace the commercial heterodyne system (laser head and interferometer) used at present time which is limited in power and has polarization limitations. In this paper, we propose a novel and specific heterodyne interferometer able to ensure all previous demands to control the displacements of the moving coil in order to reduce the velocity noise. The laser source is powerful enough to ensure multiple measurements axis. The laser is frequency stabilized on iodine atomic transition around λ=532 nm to ensure traceability. All the polarization defaults of the classical heterodyne interferometer have been minimized in order to reduce non-linearity effects. The most original point is that the reference beam is locked on an external electronic reference, which allows to be less sensitive to vibration and polarization defects of optical components from the laser head to the vacuum enclosure where the interferometer is placed.

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Realization of the kilogram by measuring at 100 kV with the voltage balance ETF

Cited by 26 publications

References 7 publications

A Microfabricated Spring-Constant Calibration Device for Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) Potentially Traceable to the SI

A Microfabricated Spring-Constant Calibration Device for Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) Potentially Traceable to the SI

The NIM Inertial Mass Measurement Project

Novel concept of interferometric control of the moving coil in watt balance

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