Realization of the Dicke Model Using Cavity-Assisted Raman Transitions

Baden, M. P.; Arnold, K. J.; Grimsmo, Arne L.; Parkins, Scott; Barrett, M. D.

doi:10.1103/physrevlett.113.020408

Cited by 159 publications

(158 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…For t = 6 µs, the process efficiency for |Ψ super is ε s (t) = 0.33(1)%, while for |ψ 1 , it is ε 1 (t) = 0.17(1)%, corresponding to a ratio ε s /ε 1 of 1.94 (13). The ratio decreases monotonically with t, and by t = 55 µs, it is 1.34 (5). While the enhanced coupling modifies the temporal shape of the photons early in the process, for longer times its effect on the cumulative process efficiency is small, such that the ratio is expected to approach one.…”

Section: Fig 1 (A) Twomentioning

confidence: 95%

“…Maximum enhancement would be achieved by encoding not just one but N/2 excitations in a symmetrized N -ion state. The cooperative emission rate would then be g N 2 N 2 + 1 , which scales with N for large N , as observed in atomic ensembles [4][5][6]. However, it remains an open question how to transfer quantum information between such states and single photons, as required for a quantum transducer [15].…”

Section: Fig 1 (A) Twomentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Superradiance has been widely studied in many-atom systems, in which effects such as a phase transition [4,5] and narrow-linewidth lasing [6] have recently been observed. For few-atom systems, each atom's state and position can be precisely controlled, and thus collective emission effects such as Rydberg blockade [7] and the Lamb shift [8] can be tailored.…”

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Enhanced Quantum Interface with Collective Ion-Cavity Coupling

et al. 2015

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We prepare a maximally entangled state of two ions and couple both ions to the mode of an optical cavity. The phase of the entangled state determines the collective interaction of the ions with the cavity mode, that is, whether the emission of a single photon into the cavity is suppressed or enhanced. By adjusting this phase, we tune the ion-cavity system from sub-to superradiance. We then encode a single qubit in the two-ion superradiant state and show that this encoding enhances the transfer of quantum information onto a photon.Sub-and superradiance are fundamental effects in quantum optics arising in systems that are symmetric under the interchange of any pair of particles [1][2][3]. Superradiance has been widely studied in many-atom systems, in which effects such as a phase transition [4,5] and narrow-linewidth lasing [6] have recently been observed. For few-atom systems, each atom's state and position can be precisely controlled, and thus collective emission effects such as Rydberg blockade [7] and the Lamb shift [8] can be tailored. In a pioneering experiment using two trapped ions, variation of the ions' separation allowed both sub-and superradiance to be observed, with the excited-state lifetime extended or reduced by up to 1.5% [9]. The contrast was limited because spontaneous emission from the ions was not indistinguishable, as the ions' separation was on the order of the wavelength of the emitted radiation. This limitation can be overcome by observing preferential emission into a single mode, such as the mode defined by incident radiation [1] or by an optical cavity. In a cavity setting, indistinguishability is guaranteed when the emitters are equally coupled to the mode, even if they are spatially separated. Subradiance corresponds to a suppressed interaction of the joint state of the emitters with the cavity mode, while for the superradiant state, the interaction is enhanced.In the context of quantum networks [10,11], superradiance can improve a quantum interface when one logical qubit is encoded across N physical qubits. In the DLCZ protocol for heralded remote entanglement, efficient retrieval of stored photons is based on superradiance [12,13]. Superradiance can also improve the performance of a deterministic, cavity-based interface, which enables the direct transmission of quantum information between network nodes [14]. If a qubit is encoded in the state.. ↓ N , the coupling rate to the cavity is enhanced from the single-qubit rate g to the effective rate g √ N , relaxing the technical requirements for strong coupling between light and matter [15]. This state corresponds to the first step in the superradiant cascade described by Dicke [1]. In contrast, subradiant states are antisymmetrized, resulting in suppressed emission. From a quantum-information perspective, subradiant states are interesting because they span a decoherence-free subspace [16][17][18]. A subradiant state of two superconducting qubits coupled to a cavity has recently been prepared [19].Here, we generate collective states of tw...

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Section: Fig 1 (A) Twomentioning

confidence: 95%

Section: Fig 1 (A) Twomentioning

confidence: 99%

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Enhanced Quantum Interface with Collective Ion-Cavity Coupling

et al. 2015

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“…While the existence of this transition for atoms coupled directly to an optical mode is subject of ongoing debates [6][7][8][9][10], effective DMs can be implemented, for example, using tailored Raman couplings in driven cold-atom systems [11][12][13][14][15][16]. In these systems, the non-equilibrium SRT [11,17] has recently been observed [18][19][20], which represents an important step towards more detailed investigations of phase transitions in open quantum systems. Yet a true many-body generalization of these models with multiple independent atomic and optical degrees of freedom [21][22][23][24][25][26] still faces considerable experimental and theoretical challenges.…”

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Implementation of the Dicke Lattice Model in Hybrid Quantum System Arrays

et al. 2014

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Generalized Dicke models can be implemented in hybrid quantum systems built from ensembles of nitrogen-vacancy (NV) centers in diamond coupled to superconducting microwave cavities. By engineering cavity assisted Raman transitions between two spin states of the NV defect, a fully tunable model for collective light-matter interactions in the ultra-strong coupling limit can be obtained. Our analysis of the resulting non-equilibrium phases for a single cavity and for coupled cavity arrays shows that different superradiant phase transitions can be observed using existing experimental technologies, even in the presence of large inhomogeneous broadening of the spin ensemble. The phase diagram of the Dicke lattice model displays distinct features induced by dissipation, which can serve as a genuine experimental signature for phase transitions in driven open quantum systems.PACS numbers: 42.50. Pq, 05.30.Rt, The Dicke model (DM) [1] was first introduced to describe the collective coupling of N two-level atoms to a single optical mode, and has developed into a prototype model for collective quantum phenomena in atomic and solid-state systems [2]. Most prominently, the DM predicts a superradiant phase transition (SRT) [3][4][5] when the collective atom-field coupling reaches the ultra-strong coupling regime and becomes comparable to the optical and atomic frequencies. While the existence of this transition for atoms coupled directly to an optical mode is subject of ongoing debates [6][7][8][9][10], effective DMs can be implemented, for example, using tailored Raman couplings in driven cold-atom systems [11][12][13][14][15][16]. In these systems, the non-equilibrium SRT [11,17] has recently been observed [18][19][20], which represents an important step towards more detailed investigations of phase transitions in open quantum systems. Yet a true many-body generalization of these models with multiple independent atomic and optical degrees of freedom [21][22][23][24][25][26] still faces considerable experimental and theoretical challenges.In this work we describe a new approach for realizing generalized DMs, by using atomic [27], molecular [28] or solid-state spin ensembles [29][30][31] coupled to superconducting microwave cavities [see Fig. 1 a)]. Such hybrid quantum systems [32,33] have originally been proposed for quantum information processing applications, and strong collective interactions between microwave photons and solid-state spin ensembles have already been observed [34][35][36][37][38][39][40]. Compared to optical or all superconducting circuit realizations [41][42][43], the current approach allows us to combine large ensembles of (almost) identical spins with high-quality microwave resonators that can be easily coupled together to form large arrays [44]. For the example of nitrogen-vacancy (NV) spin ensembles in diamond, we describe the implementation of effective light-matter interactions in the ultra-strong coupling regime and evaluate the resulting non-equilibrium phases for a single spin ensemble and for co...

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“…This change in the system properties has been shown to share many resemblances with the Dicke phase transition from a normal (vacuum cavity field) to a symmetry broken superradiant phase (coherent cavity light field) [17]. Properties of this transition have been the subject of several experimental activities (an alternative dynamical realization of the Dicke-type transition is to consider internal electronic states Raman coupled via an external laser, first proposed in [18] and later experimentally implemented in [19]), for example the symmetry breaking has carefully been mapped out, as well as the critical exponents [20,21].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cavity-Assisted Generation of Sustainable Macroscopic Entanglement of Ultracold Gases

Joshi

Larson

2015

Atoms

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Prospects for reaching persistent entanglement between two spatially-separated atomic Bose-Einstein condensates are outlined.The system setup comprises two condensates loaded in an optical lattice, which, in return, is confined within a high-Q optical resonator. The system is driven by an external laser that illuminates the atoms, such that photons can scatter into the cavity. In the superradiant phase, a cavity field is established, and we show that the emerging cavity-mediated interactions between the two condensates is capable of entangling them despite photon losses. This macroscopic atomic entanglement is sustained throughout the time-evolution apart from occasions of sudden deaths/births. Using an auxiliary photon mode and coupling it to a collective quadrature of the two condensates, we demonstrate that the auxiliary mode's squeezing is proportional to the atomic entanglement, and as such, it can serve as a probe field of the macroscopic entanglement.

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Realization of the Dicke Model Using Cavity-Assisted Raman Transitions

Cited by 159 publications

References 34 publications

Enhanced Quantum Interface with Collective Ion-Cavity Coupling

Enhanced Quantum Interface with Collective Ion-Cavity Coupling

Implementation of the Dicke Lattice Model in Hybrid Quantum System Arrays

Cavity-Assisted Generation of Sustainable Macroscopic Entanglement of Ultracold Gases

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