Realization of Real-Time Fault-Tolerant Quantum Error Correction

Ryan-Anderson, Ciarán; Bohnet, Justin; Lee, K.; Gresh, Dan; Hankin, Aaron; Gaebler, John; Francois, David; Chernoguzov, A.; Lucchetti, Dominic; Brown, Natalie C.; Gatterman, T. M.; Halit, Si Khadir; Gilmore, Kevin; Gerber, J.; Neyenhuis, Brian; Hayes, David; Stutz, Russell

doi:10.1103/physrevx.11.041058

Cited by 171 publications

(108 citation statements)

References 85 publications

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“…This high latency of software decoders limits the use of generalpurpose computing for online decoding and therefore, almost all QEC experiments that use software decoders have resorted to offline decoding. In the first instance of real-time decoding [69], software decoders have been used for color codes [76]. However, this study uses trapped-ion systems that can tolerate up to few milli-seconds of decoding latency, about 3 orders of magnitude higher than superconducting systems.…”

Section: Challenges In Real-time Decodingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In the near-term, quantum computers with few hundreds of qubits [62] promise computational advantages for certain domain-specific applications [12,13,28,50] with support from software error-mitigation [20-22, 34, 35, 45, 46, 52-55, 58-60, 60, 64, 71, 72, 75, 78, 80, 81]. However, fault-tolerant quantum computers can solve a broader class of problems [47,74] and consequently, real-system QEC studies are gaining momentum [6,67,69] with improving device qualities and availability of quantum hardware prototypes.…”

Section: Related Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In contrast, LILLIPUT is an end-to-end solution that uses MWPM, accounts for device error models, and can be implemented over a wide number of configurations and QEC cycles. Most recently, Ryan-Anderson et al used software decoders to achieve real-time decoding for color codes on trapped-ion systems [69]. However, this design requires access to general-purpose CPUs with the associated overhead in time for transferring data.…”

Section: Related Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

LILLIPUT: a lightweight low-latency lookup-table decoder for near-term Quantum error correction

Das

Locharla

Jones

2022

Proceedings of the 27th ACM International Conference on Architectural Support for Programming Languages and Operating Systems

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The error rates of quantum devices are orders of magnitude higher than what is needed to run most quantum applications. To close this gap, Quantum Error Correction (QEC) encodes logical qubits and distributes information using several physical qubits. By periodically executing a syndrome extraction circuit on the logical qubits, information about errors (called syndrome) is extracted while running programs. A decoder uses these syndromes to identify and correct errors in real time, which is necessary to prevent accumulation of errors. Unfortunately, software decoders are slow and hardware decoders are fast but less accurate. Thus, almost all QEC studies so far have relied on offline decoding.To enable real-time decoding in near-term QEC, we propose LILLIPUT-a Lightweight Low Latency Look-Up Table decoder. LILLIPUT consists of two parts-First, it translates syndromes into error detection events that index into a Look-Up Table (LUT) whose entry provides the error information in real-time. Second, it programs the LUTs with error assignments for all possible error events by running a software decoder offline. LILLIPUT tolerates an error on any operation in the quantum hardware, including gates and measurements, and the number of tolerated errors grows with the size of the code. LILLIPUT utilizes less than 7% logic on off-the-shelf FPGAs enabling practical adoption, as FPGAs are already used to design the control and readout circuits in existing systems. LIL-LIPUT incurs a latency of a few nanoseconds and enables real-time decoding. We also propose Compressed LUTs (CLUTs) to reduce the memory required by LILLIPUT. By exploiting the fact that not all error events are equally likely and only storing data for the most probable error events, CLUTs reduce the memory needed by up-to 107x (from 148 MB to 1.38 MB) without degrading the accuracy. CCS CONCEPTS• Hardware → Quantum technologies; • Computer systems organization → Quantum computing.

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Section: Challenges In Real-time Decodingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Related Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Related Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

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LILLIPUT: a lightweight low-latency lookup-table decoder for near-term Quantum error correction

Das

Locharla

Jones

2022

Proceedings of the 27th ACM International Conference on Architectural Support for Programming Languages and Operating Systems

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“…This allows for selective imaging of either the remaining tweezers of the array or of the single shifted tweezer. The ability to selectively readout a single atom from the array is a necessary step for error correction in many quantum computation algorithms [29,30].…”

Section: Site Selective Imagingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Narrow-line imaging of single strontium atoms in shallow optical tweezers

Urech,

Knottnerus,

Spreeuw

et al. 2022

Preprint

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“…Researchers have now demonstrated a technique that allows errors to be detected and corrected in real time as the computation proceeds. It also allows error correction to be conducted several times on a single quantum bit (qubit) during the calculation [1]. Both features are needed to make the basic elements-the logical qubits-of a fully error-tolerant quantum computer that can be scaled up and used for applications beyond the specialized ones that these machines have tackled so far.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Real-Time Error Correction for Quantum Computing

Ball¹

2021

Physics

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An experiment shows that errors in quantum computation can be repeatedly corrected on the fly. By Philip Ball Random errors incurred during computation are one of the biggest obstacles to unleashing the full power of quantum computers. Researchers have now demonstrated a technique that allows errors to be detected and corrected in real time as the computation proceeds. It also allows error correction to be conducted several times on a single quantum bit (qubit) during the calculation [1]. Both features are needed to make the basic elements-the logical qubits-of a fully error-tolerant quantum computer that can be scaled up and used for applications beyond the specialized ones that these machines have tackled so far.

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Realization of Real-Time Fault-Tolerant Quantum Error Correction

Cited by 171 publications

References 85 publications

LILLIPUT: a lightweight low-latency lookup-table decoder for near-term Quantum error correction

LILLIPUT: a lightweight low-latency lookup-table decoder for near-term Quantum error correction

Narrow-line imaging of single strontium atoms in shallow optical tweezers

Real-Time Error Correction for Quantum Computing

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