Realization of multiple-output biquadratic filters using current differencing buffered amplifiers

Current mode leapfrog ladder filters using a new active block

“…The second is to use combinations of active (e.g., opamps) and passive (resistors and capacitors) components in order to simulate either the inductances or the operation of a high-order LC ladder [5]. Numerous circuits proposed in the literature realizing second-order transfer function exhibit different properties concerning the operation mode [6][7][8][9][10][11]. However, in order to realize nth-order filter, the number of the active and passive elements increases proportionally with n. Further, these realizations do not supply flexible realization of the numerator polynomial of the transfer function.…”

Low-voltage digitally controlled current differencing buffered amplifier and its application

“…The CDBA is suitable for integrated circuit (IC) implementation in both bipolar and CMOS technologies [7][8][9][10][11][12]. Moreover, since the CDBA can be considered as a collection of current-and voltage-mode unity gain cells, it has large dynamic range and quite wide bandwidth similar to its current-mode counterparts such as, current feedback operational amplifiers (CFAs) and second generation current conveyors (CCIIs).…”

Third Order Current-Mode Filter Realization using CMOS Current-Mirror

“…Leapfrog structure that simulates doubly terminated LC filters has been highly appreciated since it inherits the low sensitivity natures of the prototype LC filters [9], [18]. From the viewpoint of high frequency and low voltage applications of the filters, low gain amplifiers such as unity gain voltage buffer and unity gain current buffer would be the most reasonable active blocks that could have a wide gain bandwidth and operate at a low power supply voltage.…”

“…Therefore, the power supply voltage of the circuits must be reduced extremely to low value. In addition to this, the use of portable equipments has restricted the operation to a single battery [8], [9]. Also operation at high frequencies is a key desirable feature for these devices.…”