Realization of Massive Relativistic Spin-3/2 Rarita-Schwinger Quasiparticle in Condensed Matter Systems

Abstract

2m e ′ 3 ) T , 0, 0, 1, 0) T (0, 0, ( h ′ 13 2m e ′ 3 ) T ) T (0, 0, 0, 1, (

Unconventional quantum Hall effects in two-dimensional massive spin-1 fermion systems

“…Beyond these fermions permitted in particle physics, a new fermion violating Lorentz invariance 17,18 , which is called type-II Weyl fermions 18 (also called structured Weyl fermions 17 ), has been discovered in superfluids 17 and condensed matter materials [18][19][20][21] . Recently, another type of new fermions in three dimensions beyond conventional fermions in particle physics were predicted in solid-state materials [22][23][24][25][26][27][28] ; they are named unconventional fermions with highly degenerate points that are described by an effective Hamiltonian H = k • Ŝ with k being the momenta and Ŝ being the angular momentum matrices. These highly degenerate fermions have also been studied in 2D systems [29][30][31][32][33][34][35][36][37][38][39][40][41][42][43][44][45][46][47][48] , especially for spin-1 fermions, which can be realized in the dice model [29][30][31][32][33][34][35][36]…”

Effective spin-2 quasi-particles at linear dispersive five-fold degenerate points with tunable topological Chern numbers

“…In addition to the works mentioned above, spin-1 can also be realized in condensed matter systems [35][36][37][38][39], quantum systems [40][41][42], and cold atom or lattice models [43][44][45][46][47][48][49]. As for spin-3/2, the massive relativistic spin-3/2 quasiparticle has been realized in condensed matter systems [50]. Moreover, it has been reported that superconductivity has been found in spin-3/2 topological semimetals [51][52] and optical lattices [53].…”