Reality Bites: Gendered Experiences of Marriage and Work

Xie, Kailing

doi:10.1007/978-981-16-1139-1_6

Cited by 1 publication

(1 citation statement)

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“…Systems perspectives acknowledging the effects of structural conditions on market actors are lacking, particularly with respect to market dynamics, fluidity or plasticity (Jafari, Aly, and Doherty 2022, Nenonen et al, 2014, Soini and Birkeland 2014. What is known, however, is that market formalization disadvantages women through compliance costs and restrictions, loss of traditional cultural assets (Beninger and Shapiro 2019), loss of confidence in their capabilities (Sutter et al 2017;Xheneti, Madden, and Thapa Karki 2022), family-unfriendly working hours, and the need for costly and inconvenient childcare (Shen and Jiang 2020;Stockman, Bonney, and Xuewen 2016;Xie 2021). Women generate livelihoods in spite of markets, rather than because of them.…”

Section: Towards More Supportive Market Structuresmentioning

confidence: 99%

Not WEIRD at all! Towards More Pluralistic Economies and Sustainable Livelihoods

Little

Eti-Tofinga

2023

Journal of Macromarketing

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Sustainability discourses are dominated by Western, educated, industrialized, rich and democratic (WEIRD) perspectives. Critics call for remedies to patriarchy, capitalism, and colonialism; and for work that is inclusive of women, non-market influences, and epistemologies of the global South. Focusing on women's work, this paper interrogates the epistemic and practical injustices of geography and gender. The empirical domain is a middle-income economy, offering insight from the space between WEIRD and subsistence extremes. 15 case studies of Malay female micro-entrepreneurs draw on interview, observational and secondary data, tracing the effects of market formalization on market actors. Despite subordinate social status, the women provide reliable income streams for their families. However, their livelihoods are threatened by rapidly formalizing markets. Market formalization crowds out the small and diverse in favor of the large and multinational. To address that problem, a pro-social systems view is required, based on pluralistic conceptions of economies and markets. Drawing on Gibson-Graham's diverse economies perspective we derive 12 propositions supporting sustainable livelihoods. Sustainable livelihoods support quality of life and wellbeing, are embedded in less damaging and more inclusive (vs patriarchal, colonial and capitalistic) provisioning systems, in turn embedded in epistemologies that are reflexively conscious of power dynamics and the WEIRD hegemony. In line with the paradoxes and tensions in sustainability thinking we call for pluralism: Conscious acceptance of all economic approaches, formal and informal, state and non-state, global and local, capitalist and planned; with an emphasis on physical, emotional and social well-being, self-determination, diversity, health, and happiness for the many rather than wealth for the few.

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