Realistic Emulation of LTE With MoonGen and DPDK

Multipath Transport Analysis Over Cellular and LEO Access for Aerial Vehicles

“…The workstation has 128 GB RAM to ensure enough memory for running parallel applications. These capabilities exceed the hardware setup of the original implementations of individual link emulators [42], [44]. During emulation runs, we observed an average of 12% CPU utilization with <1 GB of RAM usage.…”

“…A client (left-most) and a server (right-most) that represent the end-users, 2. A cellular access emulator based on MoonGen (pink) [42], and 3. A satellite access emulator based on OpenSAND (blue) [43], [44].…”

“…A satellite access emulator based on OpenSAND (blue) [43], [44]. Both link emulators are previously evaluated in literature [42], [45] and employed in other works to emulate cellular and satellite links realistically [46], [47], [48]. The client and server represent an AV and a RP, respectively, and Both are MPTCP-and MP-DCCP-capable, which allow them to orchestrate bi-directional traffic over cellular and satellite paths.…”

“…The Cellular emulator is based on [42], which emulates an LTE link using the MoonGen traffic generator [50] augmented with a latency queue data structure. It can create bi-directional traffic with four processing threads (two for each direction).…”

“…It can create bi-directional traffic with four processing threads (two for each direction). Frames in the latency queue are forwarded to a transmission ring, which are then scheduled for packet transmission in First In First Out (FIFO) order [42]. Furthermore, the cellular emulator supports heterogeneous uplink and downlink rates, latency, packet losses, network buffer, concealed loss recovery at the link layer utilizing the Hybrid Automatic Repeat Request (HARQ) and and power-saving features such as the Discontinuous Reception (DRX).…”