Real-world particle emissions and secondary aerosol formation from a diesel oxidation catalyst and scrubber equipped ship operating with two fuels in a SECA area

Karjalainen, Panu; Teinilä, Kimmo; Kuittinen, Niina; Aakko-Saksa, Päivi; Bloss, Matthew; Vesala, Hannu; Pettinen, Rasmus; Saarikoski, Sanna; Jalkanen, Jukka-Pekka; Timonen, Hilkka

doi:10.1016/j.envpol.2021.118278

Cited by 18 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 29 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…This SOA formation efficiency is lower than that of vehicle exhaust, biomass burning, and coal combustion, which are 7.4 × 10 –12 , 1.1 × 10 –14 , and 6.7 × 10 –15 μg molecules –1 s –1 , respectively. But it is higher than the negligible SOA formation efficiency of scrubbed shipping emissions . The O:C molar ratio of SOA also increased with OH exposure from 0.16 to 0.41, demonstrating the important roles of functionalization reactions in SOA formation.…”

Section: Results and Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Importance of Semivolatile/Intermediate-Volatility Organic Compounds to Secondary Organic Aerosol Formation from Chinese Domestic Cooking Emissions

Guo

Wang

et al. 2022

Environ. Sci. Technol. Lett.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Here, we deploy a Gothenburg potential aerosol mass reactor (Go:PAM) to investigate the secondary organic aerosol (SOA) formation from Chinese domestic cooking emissions. Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and semivolatile/intermediate-volatility organic compounds (S/IVOCs) were measured by a Vocus proton transfer reaction time-of-flight mass spectrometer (Vocus PTR-TOF). SOA mass was calculated by particle number size distribution and the particle density that was measured by a centrifugal particle mass analyzer. The primary organic aerosols (POA) emission rates are 2.0, 2.2, 1.8, and 1.1 mg min–1 for chicken, tofu, cabbage, and Kung Pao chicken, respectively. Correspondingly, the SOA production rates are 2.7, 2.4, 2.3, and 1.9 mg min–1. Our results show the distinct precursors and SOA formation from real-world cooking emissions compared with cooking oil heating emissions. The cooking style has a greater impact on the primary emissions and SOA formation than the cooking material. A closure study shows that the VOCs oxidation can only explain 5%–23% of measured SOA. This percentage increases to 19%–55% when considering S/IVOCs oxidation. Our study demonstrates the importance of S/IVOCs oxidation to SOA formation from cooking emissions, suggesting an urgent need for comprehensive S/IVOCs characterization from cooking emissions.

show abstract

Section: Results and Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

“…But it is higher than the negligible SOA formation efficiency of scrubbed shipping emissions. 37 The O:C molar ratio of SOA also increased with OH exposure from 0.16 to 0.41, demonstrating the important roles of functionalization reactions in SOA formation.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 92%

Importance of Semivolatile/Intermediate-Volatility Organic Compounds to Secondary Organic Aerosol Formation from Chinese Domestic Cooking Emissions

Guo

Wang

et al. 2022

Environ. Sci. Technol. Lett.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…There was no correlation between the EF BC and the plume age during this short time period in the marine background station. Even on longer time scales, previous studies have observed the low potential for new particulate material formation in photo-oxidation processes in the exhaust of EGCS-equipped ships (Karjalainen et al, 2022) and for ship emissions in SECA area (Ausmeel et al, 2020). Previously, at Utö, Seppälä et al (2021) suggested diminished photochemical ageing of the plumes with stricter fuel sulphur restrictions.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Local ship speed reduction effect on black carbon emissions measured at remote marine station

Heikkilä,

Luoma,

Mäkelä

et al. 2024

Preprint

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Abstract. Speed restrictions for ships have been introduced locally to reduce the waves and turbulence causing erosion, and safety hazards, and to mitigate the air and underwater noise emissions. Ship speed restrictions could be used to minimise the climate impact of maritime transport since many air pollutants in ship exhaust gas are reduced when travelling at lower speeds. However, for example, methane and black carbon emissions do not linearly correlate with the load of internal combustion engines. Therefore, the effect of speed restrictions may not be trivial. Black carbon concentrations from ship plumes were examined at the remote marine site in the Finnish Southwestern archipelago. Ships with service speeds over 15 knots and equipped with an exhaust gas cleaning system were analysed for black carbon emissions as a function of speed. Both unadjusted and weather-adjusted main engine loads were modelled to determine load-based emission factors. Black carbon concentration per kilogram of fuel decreased as a function of engine load. However, as calculated per hour the black carbon emission increased as a function of ship speed except around a constant emission area, which was roughly 15–20 knots. In terms of local air quality, total black carbon emission per nautical mile was the highest around the halved speeds, 10–13 knots, or when the speed was higher than 20–23 knots. From a climate warming perspective, the CO2 emissions dominated the exhaust gas and reducing the speed decreased the global warming potential in CO2 equivalent both per hour and per nautical mile.

show abstract

“…The ship's own emissions can be identified using various measures, for example, high CO and NO x concentrations (L. , high BC concentrations (Alroe et al, 2020;Shank et al, 2012), regular cooking emissions (Cai et al, 2020), and wind speeds/directions between the ship stop and start operation (Ausmeel et al, 2020;Kwak et al, 2022). The contribution of ship emissions to BC sources in the marine atmosphere depends on engine types, operation modes, fuel types, and loadings (Gagne et al, 2021;Jiang et al, 2018;Karjalainen et al, 2022;Lack and Corbett, 2012;Wu et al, 2021;Zhao et al, 2020). Here, we classify two sampling modes (navigation vs. stop) of single-particle analyses according to ship operation and relative wind direction/speed.…”

Section: Analyses Of Single Particlesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Morphological and optical properties of carbonaceous aerosol particles from ship emissions and biomass burning during a summer cruise measurement in the South China Sea

Sun,

Zhang,

Liang

et al. 2024

Atmos. Chem. Phys.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Abstract. Carbonaceous aerosols constitute a crucial component of atmospheric marine aerosols among which black carbon (BC) and brown carbon (BrC) are important contributors to light absorption and hence the positive climatic radiative forcing in the marine atmosphere. We conducted month-long (5 May–9 June 2021) onboard sample collections and online measurements of carbonaceous aerosols to characterize their morphological and optical properties during a ship cruise in the South China Sea (SCS), covering a marine region of 11.9–24.5° N, 111.1–118.2° E. Single particles were collected by a single-particle sampler, and offline analyses were performed using a transmission electron microscope (TEM) coupled with energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS). Online measurements of BC in PM2.5 were made by a seven-wavelength aethalometer, and organic carbon (OC) and elemental carbon (EC) mass concentrations were measured by a semi-online OC/EC analyzer. Feret diameters of the single particles during navigation and stop showed size distributions with the lognormal fitting peaks at 307 and 325 nm, respectively. The fresh (without coating) and aged BC particles (after removal of coating by the electron beams in the TEM) showed same median fractal dimensions (1.61), in contrast to their different median lacunarities (0.53 vs. 0.59). The aged BC particles showed narrower Feret diameters (229–2557 nm) during navigation than those (78–2926 nm) of freshly emitted BC from the ship's own exhaust during stop. Moreover, tar balls, as one important component of single particles from ship emissions and as the tracer of biomass burning, were identified with geometrical diameters of 160–420 nm in the TEM images. The EDS analyses showed those tar balls are mainly mixed with sea salt, organics, BC, and sulfate. We also found a significant fraction of aged BC in various mixing states (core–shell, embedded) with other components of the aerosol particles after long-range transport. The campaign was further divided into several periods (the before-monsoon period, BMP; transition monsoon period, TMP; after-monsoon period, AMP; and ship pollution period, SPP) according to the wind direction during monsoon and the ship's own pollution. The median absorption Ångström exponent (AAE) values derived from all wavelengths were 1.14, 1.02, 1.08, and 1.06 for BMP, TMP, AMP, and SPP, respectively. Particularly, a median AAE value of 1.93 was obtained during two significant biomass burning events. These results showed that biomass burning (BB) and fossil fuel (FF) combustion contributed to 18 %–22 % and 78 %–82 % of all the BC light absorption without the two intense biomass burning events, during which BB and FF accounted for 42 % and 58 %, respectively. The two BB events originated from the Philippines and Southeast Asia before and after the summer monsoon. Our results demonstrated that BC can serve as the core of aged particles, but the fractal dimensions of BC aggregates were subject to little variation; moreover, such BC particles become much more aggregated after aging in the marine atmosphere, which further affects the light absorption of the BC particles in the SCS.

show abstract

Real-world particle emissions and secondary aerosol formation from a diesel oxidation catalyst and scrubber equipped ship operating with two fuels in a SECA area

Cited by 18 publications

References 29 publications

Importance of Semivolatile/Intermediate-Volatility Organic Compounds to Secondary Organic Aerosol Formation from Chinese Domestic Cooking Emissions

Importance of Semivolatile/Intermediate-Volatility Organic Compounds to Secondary Organic Aerosol Formation from Chinese Domestic Cooking Emissions

Local ship speed reduction effect on black carbon emissions measured at remote marine station

Morphological and optical properties of carbonaceous aerosol particles from ship emissions and biomass burning during a summer cruise measurement in the South China Sea

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About