Real-world emissions and fuel consumption of gasoline and hybrid light duty vehicles under local and regulatory drive cycles

Tu, Ran; Xu, Junshi; Wang, An; Zhang, Mingqian; Zhai, Zhiqiang; Hatzopoulou, Marianne

doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.150407

Cited by 27 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 30 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…However, the authors highlighted the possibility of increased emissions in HEV's owing to the transient cycles of the catalyst. Tu et al 21 reached similar conclusions comparing conventional vehicles to HEV's in real world driving cycle using portable emission measurement system and highlighted the higher emissions of carbon monoxide and particulate yielded by the HEV. In this aspect, the PHEV presents advantages over the HEV: Pielecha et al 22 tested both configurations, obtaining lower emissions for PHEV as its higher battery capacity allowed the ICE to operate in more stable conditions, achieving thermal stability for catalytic efficiency.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 68%

Electrically heated catalyst enabling pollutants reduction in hybrid vehicles fueled with ethanol

Falcão Weissinger,

Henrique Rufino,

Mendoza

et al. 2023

International Journal of Engine Research

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Plug-in hybrid electric vehicles (PHEV) have the potential of combining the benefits of a renewable electric mix with biofuels. More recently, PHEV have been designed to be equipped with a small combustion engine known as range extender (RE), thus allowing an improvement in vehicle’s range while converting fuel energy through a highly efficient path. Despite being a convenient strategy for decarbonizing light vehicles, the intermittent operation of the engine may create issues regarding the catalytic conversion of pollutants, yielding an increase in local harmful emissions. This drawback may be intensified depending on the used fuel. Hydrous ethanol is a promising alternative for gasoline and is already available in some countries, such as Brazil. However, ethanol has a great enthalpy of vaporization and it results in a charge cooling, affecting the catalyst warm-up and making the intermittent operation with ethanol more challenging. Hence, this study was motivated by the need of improving the catalytic efficiency of flexfuel RE operating with both gasoline and hydrous ethanol. Thus, a calibration was firstly performed to shorten the warm-up phase with ethanol. Then, an electrical heater was employed for accelerated catalyst heating, further improving emissions from ethanol operation, aiming at attaining future emissions regulations. Experimental tests were conducted in a vehicle under FTP72 cycle using a chassis dynamometer. The calibration adjustments resulted in a warm-up phase for ethanol <10 s longer than that for gasoline. The stable operation phase resulted in similar emissions for both fuels. On the cycle average, a reduction in CO for ethanol was observed, and although the methane and NOx emissions were slightly increased due to colder catalyst operation, significant improvements were obtained on a well-to-wheel (WTW) analysis. The use of an electrically heated catalyst (EHC) improved the emissions during the warm-up phase, significantly reducing the emission of NOx and non-methane organic compounds.

show abstract

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 68%

Electrically heated catalyst enabling pollutants reduction in hybrid vehicles fueled with ethanol

Falcão Weissinger,

Henrique Rufino,

Mendoza

et al. 2023

International Journal of Engine Research

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…The driving behaviour on city road segments and major arterials features frequent stop-and-go operations, which greatly influences fuel efficiency and emissions. In other words, the potential for eco-driving improvement on such roads can be more significant than that in highway links [ 78 ]. Existing studies also prove that the energy savings and emission reductions after eco-driving training sessions are more significant on congested road links, such as arterial and local streets, while on highway links, where the speed is high and steady, the effect is less significant [ 22 , 28 , 29 ].…”

Section: Designs Of Eco-driving Guidancementioning

confidence: 99%

Effective and Acceptable Eco-Driving Guidance for Human-Driving Vehicles: A Review

et al. 2022

IJERPH

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Eco-driving guidance refers to courses, warnings, or suggestions provided to human drivers to improve driving behaviour to enable less energy use and emissions. This paper reviews existing eco-driving guidance studies and identifies challenges to tackle in the future. We summarize two categories of current guidance systems, static and dynamic, distinguished by whether real-world driving records are used to generate behaviour guidance or not. We find that influencing factors, such as the content of suggestions, the display methods, and drivers’ socio-demographic characteristics, have varied effects on the guidance results across studies. Drivers are reported to have basic eco-driving knowledge, while the question of how to motivate the acceptance and practice of such behaviour, especially in the long term, is overlooked. Adaptive driving suggestions based on drivers’ individual habits can improve the effectiveness and acceptance while this field is under investigation. In-vehicle assistance presents potential safety issues, and visualized in-vehicle assistance is reported to be most distractive. Given existing studies focusing on the operational level, a common agreement on the guidance design and associated influencing factors has yet to be reached. Research on the systematic and tactical design of eco-driving guidance and in-vehicle interaction is advised.

show abstract

“…Europe [5], China [6], and the US [7] have established strict emission standards to control pollutant emissions, necessitating the development and implementation of various emission pollution control technologies to support the restrictions on emission levels. Taking China's heavy-duty vehicle emission standards as an example, the CO emission limits in the second to sixth stages of the standards have decreased by 11%, 53%, 67%, 67%, and 67%, respectively, compared to the National First Standard.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Applications of Electric Heating Technology in Vehicle Exhaust Pollution Control

Li,

Xiao,

Wang

et al. 2024

Processes

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Motor vehicle exhaust is an important cause of atmospheric pollution. Nowadays, mainstream exhaust emission aftertreatment technologies, such as TWC, DOC, SCR, and DPF, usually require sufficient temperature to perform good purification or maintain normal working conditions. Compared with exhaust gas heating technologies such as engine enrichment and fuel injection, electric heating technology can quickly increase the temperature of exhaust gas aftertreatment devices without adverse effects on engine operating conditions. This article introduces the research and progress of electric heating technology combined with traditional aftertreatment devices on major types of vehicles, such as gasoline vehicles, diesel vehicles, motorcycles, and hybrid vehicles, to improve exhaust purification efficiency and its accompanying fuel consumption impact. In addition, the common structure and characteristics of electric heaters, as well as the current status and development trend of electric heating unit technologies such as electric heating power supply are introduced.

show abstract

Real-world emissions and fuel consumption of gasoline and hybrid light duty vehicles under local and regulatory drive cycles

Cited by 27 publications

References 30 publications

Electrically heated catalyst enabling pollutants reduction in hybrid vehicles fueled with ethanol

Electrically heated catalyst enabling pollutants reduction in hybrid vehicles fueled with ethanol

Effective and Acceptable Eco-Driving Guidance for Human-Driving Vehicles: A Review

Applications of Electric Heating Technology in Vehicle Exhaust Pollution Control

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About