Real-world emission characteristics of semivolatile/intermediate-volatility organic compounds originating from nonroad construction machinery in the working process

Real-World Emission Characteristics of Full-Volatility Organics Originating from Nonroad Agricultural Machinery during Agricultural Activities

“…Overall, the EFs (percentage with respect to VOCs) of OVOCs and HC VOCs (including alkanes, alkenes, alkyne, aromatics, and halocarbons) were 1.16 ± 1.01 g/kg fuel (26.23 ± 13.59%) and 3.13 ± 1.93 g/kg fuel (73.77 ± 13.59%), respectively. These EFs are consistent with previously reported results for VOCs and I/SVOCs from mobile sources, 16,17,29,32 while they differ from previously reported results for on-road diesel vehicles and aircraft. 19,49 Furthermore, large standard deviations in EFs reflect differences in emissions among individual machines.…”

“…This is consistent with previous studies of I/SVOC emissions from NRCM. 17,29 Furthermore, aromatics and unspeciated cyclic compounds dominated the contributions of VOCs and IVOCs to the estimated SOAFP, respectively. Figure S9 shows the distribution of the SOAFP considering the IVOC bins.…”

“…47,56 China III machinery adds exhaust gas recirculation or electronically controlled common rail systems. 44,57 Combined with our previous study on I/SVOCs from nonroad construction machinery (NRCM), 17 stricter emission standards are useful for reducing emissions for nonroad engines; thus, the updating of emission standards for nonroad mobile machinery should be continuously promoted. Furthermore, the China IV standard for nonroad mobile machinery was formally implemented in December 2022, which may effectively contribute to the reduction of full-volatility organic emissions.…”

“…Organic aerosols (OAs) are a major component of atmospheric aerosols and have huge impacts on human health and climate change. , Secondary organic aerosols (SOAs) usually account for more than 50% of total OAs and can be generated from organics with different volatilities. − Based on previous studies, , “full-volatility organics” in this study denote a collection of organics with different volatilities, which are classified by saturation concentration ( C *, μg/m 3 ) into volatile organic compounds (VOCs, >10 6 μg/m 3 ), intermediate-volatility organic compounds (IVOCs, 10 3 –10 6 μg/m 3 ), semivolatile organic compounds (SVOCs, 1–10 2 μg/m 3 ), and low-volatility organic compounds (LVOCs, <10 –1 μg/m 3 ). − Previous studies have shown that the oxidation of VOCs leads to the formation of SOAs and ozone, − while I/SVOCs have a stronger potential for SOA generation than VOCs. − Furthermore, a full-volatility organic emission framework could effectively improve model simulations of organic aerosols and reshape the understanding of their sources. ,, However, test conditions can vary considerably among different studies, and the direct introduction of VOC and I/SVOC results from different studies into a full-volatility organic emission framework could lead to large uncertainties.…”

Real-world emissions and ozone formation potential of carbonyl compounds originating from construction machinery based on a portable emission measurement system

“…The average EF of gasoline vehicles was 58.67 mg/(kg-fuel), the average light-duty diesel truck (LDDT) EF was 137.74 mg/(kg-fuel), the average medium-duty diesel truck (MDDT) EF was 175 mg/(kg-fuel), and the average heavy-duty diesel truck (HDDT) EF was 309.38 mg/(kg-fuel). With the development of testing technology, PEMS have been used to test the emission of CO, HC, NO X , PM and its components, PN, BC and other pollutants from non-road mobile machinery (Fu et al, 2012;Li et al, 2021;Pang et al, 2021;Yu et al, 2020;Zhang et al, 2020;Tan et al, 2021;Wu et al, 2022a;Wu et al, 2022b;Shen et al, 2023). Fu et al (2012) performed tests on twelve excavators and eight loaders under real-world operating conditions by using a PEMS to determine their gaseous and PM emission characteristics.…”