Real-world application of hysteresis loop analysis for stiffness identification of an instrumented building across multiple seismic events

Rabiepour, Mohammad; Zhou, Cong; Rodgers, Geoffrey W.; Chase, J. Geoffrey

doi:10.1016/j.jobe.2021.103524

Cited by 6 publications

(26 citation statements)

References 54 publications

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“…In particular, the well-developed and validated hysteresis loop analysis (HLA) SHM method [52][53][54] has recently been used to identify stiffness changes in the BNZ building due to these three earthquakes [16,55]. The HLA SHM results for the BNZ building confirm the measured IDR and spectral analysis results presented.…”

Section: Bnz Building Implicationssupporting

confidence: 53%

“…Figure 19. Evolution of the effective elastic stiffness in stories of the BNZ building due to three damaging earthquakes along the x direction [16,55].…”

Section: Hla: a Promising And Increasingly Proven Shm Methods For Imp...mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In addition, recently published studies using the advanced HLA SHM method show all three earthquakes were severely damaging to the BNZ building [16,55]. The damage imposed on the building under the first two earthquakes should have required significant retrofit and repair, which the building did not receive because the extent of structural damage remained unidentified due to inaccurate post-event evaluations [16].…”

Section: Visual Inspection and Shm: Mission Impossible And An Urgent ...mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The BNZ building case shows efficient building instrumentation for SHM is essential, but not sufficient. A robust, accurate, and reliable SHM method is also needed, which was not available for the BNZ building, potentially delaying decision making and leading to demolition [55].…”

Section: Visual Inspection and Shm: Mission Impossible And An Urgent ...mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…More succinctly, to date, many SHM methods have not yet clearly shown the specific value or potential [12,68,69] necessary to inspire investment despite low costs. However, the performance of the HLA SHM method for the BNZ Building [55] indicates HLA could potentially change this situation.…”

Section: Economics Of Building Instrumentationmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Lessons from Earthquake-affected Structures: The Necessity of Structural Health Monitoring and Instrumentation

Rabiepour

Chase

Zhou

2022

Preprint

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This paper studies two highly earthquake-affected structures in New Zealand, where visual inspection outcomes missed damage, resulting in incorrect and delayed decisions, which cost lives and wasted resources. Specifically: 1) the un-instrumented Canterbury Television (CTV) building; and 2) the instrumented Bank of New Zealand (BNZ) building. This study uses these known outcomes to highlight the importance of reliable structural health monitoring (SHM) methods and SHM instrumentation in earthquake-prone areas, where each damaging earthquake and subsequent further-damaging aftershocks demand continuous monitoring to continuously assess damage and risk to safety. Elastic spectral analyses are carried out for the CTV building using the earthquake acceleration records at a station near the CTV building. For the BNZ building, inter-story drift ratio (IDR) analyses are conducted based on the building's instrumentation data. These simple, low-cost analyses indicate the damage and deterioration in both structures, and thus the importance of sensor networks and SHM instrumentation so quantitative analysis can rapidly examine subjective visual inspection results or better target and augment these inspections. Finally, this study introduces the hysteresis loop analysis (HLA) in the context of the instrumented BNZ building, showing the ability to provide necessary monitoring to assess damage and risk. This paper does not aim to criticize post-earthquake inspections or inspectors. However, it does aim to draw attention to the fact visual inspections are inherently unreliable, and current post-earthquake evaluation policies should be upgraded considering advances in instrumentation technologies and SHM methods. The paper ends discussing how the combined actions of all stakeholders are essential for successful, effective post-earthquake evaluations.

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Section: Bnz Building Implicationssupporting

confidence: 53%

“…Figure 19. Evolution of the effective elastic stiffness in stories of the BNZ building due to three damaging earthquakes along the x direction [16,55].…”

Section: Hla: a Promising And Increasingly Proven Shm Methods For Imp...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Visual Inspection and Shm: Mission Impossible And An Urgent ...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Visual Inspection and Shm: Mission Impossible And An Urgent ...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Economics Of Building Instrumentationmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

Lessons from Earthquake-affected Structures: The Necessity of Structural Health Monitoring and Instrumentation

Rabiepour

Chase

Zhou

2022

Preprint

Self Cite

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Experimental verification for a mechanics‐based digital cloning method predicting structural performance and damage

Rabiepour

Zhou

Chase

2023

Earthq Engng Struct Dyn

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This paper introduces a novel digital twin modelling framework combining accurate structural health monitoring (SHM) results delivered by hysteresis loop analysis (HLA) with the basis function modelling to predict structural damage and responses of earthquake-affected structures under future seismic events. The measured data sets of a 12-storey 1/10 scale reinforced concrete (RC) structure shaken by three damaging base excitations (Events 1, 2 and 3) using a shake table has been employed to validate the performance of the introduced predictive framework. The results show that the digital twin created under the first base excitation (Event 1) predicts the inter-storey displacement responses of the test structure due to the second and third excitations (Events 2 and 3) with an average correlation coefficient of ∼0.88 and ∼0.94, respectively. The inter-storey drift ratio (IDR) values predicted by the digital twin also result in the same seismic performance delivered by the measured values, making the introduced framework a promising tool for assessing structural collapse and subsequent financial risk using incremental dynamic analysis (IDA). Moreover, the maximum difference of 5% between the identified and predicted stiffness values illustrates the robust and accurate performance of the proposed framework in diagnosing structural damage in highly nonlinear and damaged structures.

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Damage tracking and hysteresis‐based evaluation of seismic‐excited RC shear wall using monitoring data

Shan,

Wang,

Loong

et al. 2023

Structural Design Tall Build

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SummaryReinforced concrete (RC) shear walls play an important role as the seismic resisting system in tall buildings. Yet, assessing the seismic damage of real‐world shear walls remains a challenging task. In this study, a damage index that relies on the vibration data measured by the sensors embedded in the structure is proposed to evaluate the damage condition of shear walls. The damage index is formed by the linear combination of two normalized terms, which, respectively, characterize the peak and the cumulative damages of the shear walls with little knowledge of real‐life structural hysteresis. The damage tracking and evaluation based on the substructure level and the story level are discussed. The damage indices evaluated using the hysteretic loops made by the shear and bending information of the shear wall are further compared. The feasibility of the proposed damage index is examined using a numerically simulated 12‐story coupled shear wall structure. It is then applied to analyze the experiments regarding the damage condition of RC shear walls under earthquakes. Results show that the proposed damage index can track the damage states of RC shear walls under seismic excitations. Analysis suggests that the proposed damage index could trace and distinguish the progression of shear and flexural damages, which potentially supports the post‐earthquake structural safety management.

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Real-world application of hysteresis loop analysis for stiffness identification of an instrumented building across multiple seismic events

Cited by 6 publications

References 54 publications

Lessons from Earthquake-affected Structures: The Necessity of Structural Health Monitoring and Instrumentation

Lessons from Earthquake-affected Structures: The Necessity of Structural Health Monitoring and Instrumentation

Experimental verification for a mechanics‐based digital cloning method predicting structural performance and damage

Damage tracking and hysteresis‐based evaluation of seismic‐excited RC shear wall using monitoring data

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