“…Moreover, in programming, studies found that females can suffer from frustration, inadequacy, and a lower self-awareness level than males when working on a similar coding project (Kemp et al, 2020 ), a finding that would explain the gender and performance gaps. Other studies reported that programming careers are more dominant by men, and women do not excel in programming or show an interest in learning to program (Contreras-Ortiz et al, 2021 ; Edmondson, 2008 ). Recommendations to improve the performance gap include upgrading course design and focusing on pedagogy, as studies showed that females favour problem-based learning, in-class discussions, and group work (Wagner, 2016 ).…”