Real-time X-ray diffraction study through the curie transition of the 6040 vinylidene fluoride-trifluoroethylene copolymer as crystallized from the melt

Cabarcos, E. López; Arché, Alfredo; Calleja, F. J. Baltá; Bösecke, P.; Röber, S.; Bark, M.; Zachmann, H. G.

doi:10.1016/0032-3861(91)90128-6

Cited by 21 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…WAXS patterns can be analyzed in order to estimate the overall degree of the different phases. This can be obtained from the ratio of the integrated intensities of the amorphous halo and of the crystalline peaks to the total intensity [36,37]. This process requires a separation of the different contributions.…”

Section: Thermal and Structural Response Thermal Transitions In Nanomentioning

confidence: 99%

Ferroelectricity and molecular dynamics of poly(vinylidenefluoride-trifluoroethylene) nanoparticles

Martínez-Tong

Soccio

Sanz

et al. 2015

Polymer

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Section: Thermal and Structural Response Thermal Transitions In Nanomentioning

confidence: 99%

Ferroelectricity and molecular dynamics of poly(vinylidenefluoride-trifluoroethylene) nanoparticles

Martínez-Tong

Soccio

Sanz

et al. 2015

Polymer

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“…P(VDF-TrFE) exhibits a clear ferroelectric to paraelectric transition at Curie temperature ðT c Þ: T c is below the melting temperature and it increases with the VDF mol% [4,[8][9][10]. We used a 60/40% P(VDF-TrFE) copolymer, which has a transition temperature of 658C at zero electric field.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Improving the efficiency of pyroelectric conversion

Kouchachvili

Ikura

2008

Int. J. Energy Res.

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SUMMARYPyroelectric conversion utilizes low-grade waste heat as a heat source, and thus produces clean energy. Low-grade heat is abundant in the various industries and it is practically free. It can be converted to high-voltage electricity by pyroelectric conversion. Our pyroelectric converter uses copolymer of poly-vinylidene fluoride with trifluoroethylene [60/40% P(VDF-TrFE)]. Previously, we encountered a substantial power loss due to internal leakage at high temperature and voltage. In order to increase the power output, we examined the effect of polymer purification using solvent extraction. We compared the electrical properties of purified copolymer with those of 'as-received' copolymer. Although we removed only 0.4 wt% of the copolymer by solvent extraction, the electrical resistivity of purified copolymer was 35% higher than that of the 'as-received' copolymer. We also observed that thin films produced using purified copolymer were able to withstand 50% higher electric field before they were ruined by the electrical short circuit. Subsequently, we conducted pyroelectric conversion using 25 m m thick 60-40% P(VF 2 -TrFE) copolymer films. Copolymer purification resulted in a three-fold increase in net power output. Net power output per unit volume of the 'as-received' copolymer was 95 J L À1 but it increased to 279 J L À1 for purified copolymer.

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“…However, we assume that this approximation does not substantially affect the relative variations in D hkl upon heating [18]. SAXS patterns were collected using a mar CCD camera placed at 294 cm from the sample.…”

Section: Techniquesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recrystallization studies on isotropic cold-crystallized PET: Influence of heating rate

Flores

Pieruccini

Nöchel

et al. 2008

Polymer

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The nanostructural changes associated to the multiple melting behaviour of isotropic cold-crystallized poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) have been investigated by means of simultaneous wide-and small-angle X-ray scattering, using a synchrotron radiation source. Variations in the degree of crystallinity, coherent lateral crystal size and long period values, as a function of temperature, for two different heating rates are reported for cold-crystallized samples in the 100e190 C range. The Interface Distribution Function analysis is also employed to provide the crystalline and amorphous layer thickness values at various temperatures of interest. Results suggest that samples crystallized at both low (T a ¼ 100e120 C) and high (T a ¼ 160e190 C) temperatures are subjected to a nearly continuous nanostructural reorganization process upon heating, starting immediately above T g (z80 C) and giving rise to complete melting at z260 C. For all the T a investigated, a meltinge recrystallization mechanism seems to take place once T a is exceeded, concurrently to the low-temperature endotherm observed in the DSC scans. For low-T a and slow heating rates (2 C/min), a conspicuous recrystallization process is predominant within T a þ 30 C T 200 C. In contrast, for high-T a , an increasingly strong melting process is observed. For both, high-and low-T a , an extensive structural reorganization takes place above 200 C, involving the appearance of new lamellar stacks simultaneously to the final melting process. The two mechanisms should contribute to the high-temperature endotherm in the DSC scan. Finally, the use of a high heating rate is found to hinder the material's overall recrystallization process during the heating run and suggests that the high-temperature endotherm is ascribed to the melting of lamellae generated or thickened during the heating run.

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Real-time X-ray diffraction study through the curie transition of the 6040 vinylidene fluoride-trifluoroethylene copolymer as crystallized from the melt

Cited by 21 publications

References 21 publications

Ferroelectricity and molecular dynamics of poly(vinylidenefluoride-trifluoroethylene) nanoparticles

Ferroelectricity and molecular dynamics of poly(vinylidenefluoride-trifluoroethylene) nanoparticles

Improving the efficiency of pyroelectric conversion

Recrystallization studies on isotropic cold-crystallized PET: Influence of heating rate

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