Real-time whole-plant dynamics of heavy metal transport inArabidopsis halleriandArabidopsis thalianaby gamma-ray imaging

Abstract

HIGHLIGHTWe have used gamma-ray imaging to visualize the stark differences of real-time whole-plant dynamics of zinc root-to-shoot transport in heavy metal hyperaccumulating and non-accumulating Arabidopsis. ABSTRACTHeavy metals such as zinc are essential for plant growth, but toxic at high concentrations. Despite our knowledge of the molecular mechanisms of heavy metal uptake by plants, experimentally addressing the real-time whole-plant dynamics of heavy metal uptake and partitioning has remained a challenge.To overcome this, we applied a high sensitivity gamma-ray imaging system to image uptake and transport of radioactive 65 Zn in whole-plant assays of Arabidopsis thaliana and the Zn hyperaccumulator A. halleri. We show that our system can be used to quantitatively image and measure uptake and root-to-shoot translocation dynamics of zinc in real time. In the metal hyperaccumulator Arabidopsis halleri, 65 Zn uptake and transport from its growth media to the shoot occurs rapidly and on time scales similar to those reported in rice. In transgenic A. halleri plants in which expression of the zinc transporter gene HMA4 is suppressed by RNAi, 65 Zn uptake is completely abolished.Keywords: Arabidopsis halleri, metal hyperaccumulation, metal transport, metal uptake, nuclear imaging, SPECT, zinc. Abbreviations:ICP-AES = Inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy ROI = region of interest SPECT = single photon emission computed tomography