Real-Time Variable Rate Spraying in Orchards and Vineyards: A Review

Wandkar, Sachin Vilas; Bhatt, Y. C.; Jain, Hemant Kumar; Nalawade, Sachin M.; Pawar, Shashikant G.

doi:10.1007/s40030-018-0289-4

Cited by 32 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…The automatic point cloud analysis process also limits potential human errors when using ground assessments which are related to the experience and judgement of the assessor (Kaplan et al, 2016). The highly precise geographic coordinates of the infected canopy extracted from the point cloud also offer other integration potentials, e.g., variable chemical spray rates for healthy and stunted canopy and the option to stop spraying where the cordon is bare (Wandkar et al, 2018).…”

Section: Implications Of Mapping Eutypa Diebacklike Symptoms For Vinementioning

confidence: 99%

Assessment of canopy size using UAV-based point cloud analysis to detect the severity and spatial distribution of canopy decline

2021

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This study aimed to validate the use of UAV-based point cloud analysis to detect canopy decline severity and its spatial distribution in vineyards.A new approach to assess canopy decline, caused by Eutypa dieback-like symptoms, using unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) remote sensing was compared with ground visual assessment in the vineyard. Canopy point cloud captured by UAV-based imagery during the growing season was analysed by a customized program to determine canopy decline severity and spatial distribution in a symptomatic Shiraz vineyard in Eden Valley, South Australia. Experienced assessors performed a ground visual assessment in the vineyard at E-L stage 15. k-means clustering was used to detect reduced canopy volume due to Eutypa dieback-like symptoms. Results from point cloud analysis showed that 12.5 % of the total canopy length in the vineyard had Eutypa dieback symptoms while the ground visual assessment detected 11.4 %. Confusion matrix results showed an accuracy of 87.4 % and a kappa coefficient of 0.43 compared with ground visual assessments. Additionally, automatic analysis of the point cloud was quicker than the ground visual assessment and generated precise geographic coordinates of the symptomatic canopy sections. Point cloud analysis can detect Eutypa dieback-like symptoms and its spatial distribution with 87.4 % accuracy, compared with the ground assessment. Similar to ground visual assessment, E-L stage 15 appears to be a suitable stage to apply point cloud analysis to make Eutypa dieback-like symptom assessments. Grapevine canopy decline, caused by various factors such as Eutypa dieback and inadequate management, can cause yield reduction and threaten vineyard longevity. Compared with tedious ground visual assessments, point cloud analysis can accelerate the assessment of canopy decline in vineyards and help with the planning of remedial practices using precise geographic coordinates of the affected sections.

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Section: Implications Of Mapping Eutypa Diebacklike Symptoms For Vinementioning

confidence: 99%

Assessment of canopy size using UAV-based point cloud analysis to detect the severity and spatial distribution of canopy decline

2021

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“…PA can be viewed as a 'toolkit' from which farmers choose what they (perceive to) need (Lowenberg-DeBoer & Erickson, 2019). Although a clear definition of what technologies are included in PA is still required (Lowenberg-DeBoer & Erickson, 2019;Say et al, 2018) broadly technologies can be classified into: data collection technologies, including, global satellite positioning (GNSS: see Stombaugh, 2018); remote sensing technologies (Wachowiak et al, 2017), soil sampling and mapping, data processing and decision-making technologies e.g., geographical information systems (GIS) and sensor networks (Jawad et al, 2017), and; application technologies, including, variable rate technologies (VRT) (Wandkar et al, 2018).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Precision agriculture technology adoption: a qualitative study of small-scale commercial “family farms” located in the North China Plain

Kendall

Clark

et al. 2021

Precision Agric

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Precision agriculture (PA) technologies offer a potential solution to food security and environmental challenges but, will only be successful if adopted by farmers. Adoption in China lags behind that in some developed agricultural economies despite scientifically proven benefits of PA technologies for Chinese agriculture. Adoption is dependent on farmer attitudes and perceptions towards PA technologies. An exploratory qualitative study using in-depth interviews was conducted with Chinese arable farmers (n = 27) to explore their perceptions towards and adoption intentions of PA technologies in two Chinese provinces (Hebei and Shandong). A thematic analysis revealed five central themes to have emerged from the data, these were: “socio-political landscape”, “farming culture”, “agricultural challenges”, “adoption intentions (barriers/facilitators” and “practical support mechanisms”. All were likely to influence the level and rate of adoption of PA technologies amongst family farmers in China. The research revealed an openness to the potential of PA technologies amongst family farmers, although there was heterogeneity in the perceptions of PA technology and willingness to adopt. Improved rates of adoption will be achieved by reducing the barriers to adoption, including the need for low-cost PA applications that can be applied at small scale, improved information provision, financial support mechanisms including more accessible subsidies and credit, and reliable, regulated and affordable service provision.

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“…However, very few precision spraying systems are commercially available for tree fruit orchards, and most of them are not fully compatible with successful spray deposition in real-time orchard conditions. Previously available reviews on precision spraying have focused mainly on plant canopy characterizations and flow rate calculations [ 17 ], sensing technologies used for field crops [ 18 ], and the empirical dose expression models applied for spray decision making [ 19 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Opportunities and Possibilities of Developing an Advanced Precision Spraying System for Tree Fruits

Mahmud

Zahid

et al. 2021

Sensors

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Reducing risk from pesticide applications has been gaining serious attention in the last few decades due to the significant damage to human health, environment, and ecosystems. Pesticide applications are an essential part of current agriculture, enhancing cultivated crop productivity and quality and preventing losses of up to 45% of the world food supply. However, inappropriate and excessive use of pesticides is a major rising concern. Precision spraying addresses these concerns by precisely and efficiently applying pesticides to the target area and substantially reducing pesticide usage while maintaining efficacy at preventing crop losses. This review provides a systematic summary of current technologies used for precision spraying in tree fruits and highlights their potential, briefly discusses factors affecting spraying parameters, and concludes with possible solutions to reduce excessive agrochemical uses. We conclude there is a critical need for appropriate sensing techniques that can accurately detect the target. In addition, air jet velocity, travel speed, wind speed and direction, droplet size, and canopy characteristics need to be considered for successful droplet deposition by the spraying system. Assessment of terrain is important when field elevation has significant variability. Control of airflow during spraying is another important parameter that needs to be considered. Incorporation of these variables in precision spraying systems will optimize spray decisions and help reduce excessive agrochemical applications.

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Real-Time Variable Rate Spraying in Orchards and Vineyards: A Review

Cited by 32 publications

References 36 publications

Assessment of canopy size using UAV-based point cloud analysis to detect the severity and spatial distribution of canopy decline

Assessment of canopy size using UAV-based point cloud analysis to detect the severity and spatial distribution of canopy decline

Precision agriculture technology adoption: a qualitative study of small-scale commercial “family farms” located in the North China Plain

Opportunities and Possibilities of Developing an Advanced Precision Spraying System for Tree Fruits

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