Real-Time Tsunami Forecasting: Challenges and Solutions

Titov, Vasily V.; González, F. I.; Bernard, E. N.; Eblé, M. C.; Mofjeld, Harold O.; Newman, J. C.; Venturato, Angie J.

doi:10.1007/s11069-004-2403-3

Cited by 297 publications

(150 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…Stations KPG1 and KPG2 are the pressure gauges operated by the Japan Agency for Marine Earth Science and Technology (JAMSTEC) [Hirata et al, 2002]. Station 21418 is the pressure gauge of the DART system [Titov et al, 2005]. To retrieve the tsunami signals from the original records we apply a low-pass filter with a corner frequency of 2 min for the removal of short period wind and seismic noise.…”

Section: Results Of Offshore Tsunamimentioning

confidence: 99%

Dispersion and nonlinear effects in the 2011 Tohoku‐Oki earthquake tsunami

et al. 2014

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This study reveals the roles of the wave dispersion and nonlinear effects for the 2011 TohokuOki earthquake tsunami. We conducted tsunami simulations based on the nonlinear dispersive equations with a high-resolution source model. The simulations successfully reproduced the waveforms recorded in the offshore, deep sea, and focal areas. The calculated inundation area coincided well with the actual inundation for the Sendai Plain, which was the widest inundation area during this event. By conducting sets of simulations with different tsunami equations, we obtained the followings insights into the wave dispersion, nonlinear effects, and energy dissipation for this event. Although the wave dispersion was neglected in most studies, the maximum amplitude was significantly overestimated in the deep sea if the dispersion was not included. The waveform observed at the station with the largest tsunami height ($2 m) among the deep-ocean stations also verified the necessity of the dispersion. It is well known that the nonlinear effects play an important role for the propagation of a tsunami into bays and harbors. Additionally, nonlinear effects need to be considered to accurately model later waves, even for offshore stations. In particular, including nonlinear terms rather than the inundation was more important when precisely modeling the waves reflected from the coast.

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Section: Results Of Offshore Tsunamimentioning

confidence: 99%

Dispersion and nonlinear effects in the 2011 Tohoku‐Oki earthquake tsunami

et al. 2014

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“…Before 1992, there were no robust computational methodologies to even determine the onedimensional inundation of idealized wave forms over simple bathymetries. The quest for better defining the initial conditions led to the development and deployment of tsunameters, 1 a key technological advance from the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) Center for Tsunami Research (NCTR) of the Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory (PMEL) [31][32][33].…”

Section: Key Advances Between the 1992 Nicaraguan And The 2004 Indianmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tsunamis: bridging science, engineering and society

Kânoğlu

Titov

Bernard

et al. 2015

Phil. Trans. R. Soc. A.

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Tsunamis are high-impact, long-duration disasters that in most cases allow for only minutes of warning before impact. Since the 2004 Boxing Day tsunami, there have been significant advancements in warning methodology, pre-disaster preparedness and basic understanding of related phenomena. Yet, the trail of destruction of the 2011 Japan tsunami, broadcast live to a stunned world audience, underscored the difficulties of implementing advances in applied hazard mitigation. We describe state of the art methodologies, standards for warnings and summarize recent advances in basic understanding, and identify cross-disciplinary challenges. The stage is set to bridge science, engineering and society to help build up coastal resilience and reduce losses.

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“…These large tsunamis were clearly observed at offshore tsunami observation stations around Japan, such as cabled ocean-bottom pressure gauges (OBPGs) (e.g., Meteorological Research Institute, 1980) and GPS buoys (e.g., Kato et al, 2005), as well as by the worldwide Deepocean Assessment and Reporting of Tsunamis (DART) buoy systems (e.g., Titov et al, 2005). Because tsunamis can be detected at offshore stations earlier than at the coast, several methods of tsunami forecasting based on offshore tsunami data have been proposed for near-field tsunamis (e.g., Baba et al, 2004;Takayama, 2008;Tatsumi and Tomita, 2009;Hayashi, 2010), as well as for far-field tsunamis (Titov et al, 2005).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Near-field tsunami forecasting using offshore tsunami data from the 2011 off the Pacific coast of Tohoku Earthquake

et al. 2011

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Tsunami heights greater than 4 m were observed at several coastal tide-gauge stations during the tsunami generated by the 2011 off the Pacific coast of Tohoku Earthquake (M w 9.0), causing thousands of casualties and damaging infrastructure along the Pacific coast of Japan. We retrospectively applied an algorithm of nearfield tsunami forecasting to tsunami data that were recorded at various offshore tsunami stations 5-10 min before the tsunami reached the coastal tide-gauge stations nearest to its source. We inverted the waveform data recorded offshore to estimate the distribution of the initial sea-surface height, and then tsunami waveforms were synthesized from the estimated source to forecast tsunami arrival times and amplitudes at coastal tide-gauge stations. As a result of a retrospective application made 20 min after the earthquake, tsunamis with heights of 6-14 m were forecasted at tide-gauge stations nearest to the source where the sea-level increase due to the actual tsunami began to exceed 1 m after an elapsed time of 25 min. The result suggests a possibility that the forecasting method we used could contribute to the issuing of reliable near-field tsunami warning for M w 9 earthquakes.

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Real-Time Tsunami Forecasting: Challenges and Solutions

Cited by 297 publications

References 15 publications

Dispersion and nonlinear effects in the 2011 Tohoku‐Oki earthquake tsunami

Dispersion and nonlinear effects in the 2011 Tohoku‐Oki earthquake tsunami

Tsunamis: bridging science, engineering and society

Near-field tsunami forecasting using offshore tsunami data from the 2011 off the Pacific coast of Tohoku Earthquake

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