Real-Time Transient Thermal Rating and the Calculation of Risk Level of Transmission Lines

Liu, Jiapeng; Yang, Hao; Yu, Shyr-Shen; Wang, Sen; Shang, Yu; Yang, Fan

doi:10.3390/en11051233

Cited by 4 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…A detailed sample calculation of transient thermal rating is shown in [62], [63]. [78] calculated transient thermal rating by using the IEEE standard under different conditions of real-time data. The study indicates, a small remaining time (time taken from normal operating temperature to attain the maximum allowable temperature) can contribute to thermal load on the line.…”

Section: B Transient Steady Statementioning

confidence: 99%

Review of Thermal Stress and Condition Monitoring Technologies for Overhead Transmission Lines: Issues and Challenges

et al. 2020

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The overhead transmission line system is one of the methods of transmitting electrical energy at a high voltage from one point to another, especially over long distances. The demand for electrical energy is increasing due to the increase in the world population, the evolution of transport technology, and economic expansion, thereby resulting in overloading to the overhead line (OHL) system. In building new infrastructure for transmission lines, several issues need to be addressed. Thus, optimizing existing power by increasing the ampacity of power line is a practical solution to meet energy demand issues. During long-term operation, the temperature of OHL conductors may increase beyond their rated temperature, which is typically 75 °C for conventional conductors such as aluminum-conductor steel-reinforced cable. This condition is defined as thermal stress, which results in lower sag vertical clearance, tensile loss, elongation and creep, and reduced life span of the conductors. This condition must be avoided to ensure that the line is not permanently elongated, which can disrupt the vertical ground clearance, and to expand the conductor's life. Other factors such as lightning, wildfire, aging, and degradation of the conductor can also cause thermal stress on the conductors and have thermal effects on the conductor's performance. Therefore, unwanted thermal stress needs to be examined and identified by monitoring the thermal effect and behavior of the lines. This paper presents the state of the art in monitoring technologies that can be used to identify thermal stress on OHL conductors, including the issues and challenges in monitoring. At the end of this paper, a few suggestions are included to address the occurrence and assessment of thermal stress in lines. Ultimately, this work may provide complete information to researchers and maintenance engineers to enable them to make better decisions on condition monitoring, operation, and maintenance of the system. INDEX TERMS Overhead transmission line, thermal rating, conductor temperature, thermal stress effect, conditioning monitoring.

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Section: B Transient Steady Statementioning

confidence: 99%

Review of Thermal Stress and Condition Monitoring Technologies for Overhead Transmission Lines: Issues and Challenges

et al. 2020

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“…Using the explicit forward Euler method (10), where y(t) and y(t − ∆t) are the values of the function y in two consequent time steps, whilst y'(t − ∆t) is the time derivative of the function at time instant t − ∆t, Equation (9) can be written in the form (11) and, further, in the recursive form (12). In (12) the index i denotes the current time step, whilst i − 1 denotes the previous time step.…”

Section: Calculation Of the Conductor Temperaturementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Several studies deal with analytical numerical methods for assessing the temperature of overhead power line conductors [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10], where environmental conditions and heat-balance equations have been applied [11,12].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Identification of the Heat Equation Parameters for Estimation of a Bare Overhead Conductor’s Temperature by the Differential Evolution Algorithm

et al. 2018

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This paper deals with the Differential Evolution (DE) based method for identification of the heat equation parameters applied for the estimation of a bare overhead conductor`s temperature. The parameters are determined in the optimization process using a dynamic model of the conductor; the measured environmental temperature, solar radiation and wind velocity; the current and temperature measured on the tested overhead conductor; and the DE, which is applied as the optimization tool. The main task of the DE is to minimise the difference between the measured and model-calculated conductor temperatures. The conductor model is relevant and suitable for the prediction of the conductor temperature, as the agreement between measured and model-calculated conductor temperatures is exceptional, where the deviation between mean and maximum measured and model-calculated conductor temperatures is less than 0.03 °C.

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“…• electrical quantities, e.g., voltage and current at a specific location-potentially useful for fault or ground connection of localization [4]; • meteorological parameters, e.g., wind speed, air humidity, solar irradiation, ambient temperature, etc. This information can be used for dynamic power line rating estimation or fault condition prediction online (severe icing on power line conductors, low ground clearance, conductors galloping) [5][6][7]; • mechanical parameters of the line, e.g., sag, conductor vibration [8,9].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Energy Harvesting Device for Smart Monitoring of MV Overhead Power Lines—Theoretical Concept and Experimental Construction

Bendík,

Cenký,

Hromkovič

2023

Sensors

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Modern technological advancements have opened avenues for innovative low-energy sources in construction, with electric field energy harvesting (EFEH) from overhead power lines serving as a prime candidate for empowering intelligent monitoring sensors and vital communication networks. This study delves into this concept, presenting a physical model of an energy harvester device. The prototype was meticulously designed, simulated, constructed, and tested, to validate its foundational mathematical model, with implications for future prototyping endeavors. The findings illustrate the potential of harnessing ample power from this device when deployed on medium-voltage (MV) overhead power lines, facilitating the monitoring of electric and meteorological parameters and their seamless communication through the Internet of Things (IoT) network. The study focused on the medium voltage applications of the harvester. Two dielectric materials were tested in the present experiments: air and polyurethane. The measurement results exhibited satisfactory alignment, particularly with the air dielectric. Nevertheless, deviations arose when employing polyurethane rubber as the dielectric, due to impurities and defects within the material. The feasibility of generating the requisite 0.84 mW output power to drive process electronics, sensors, and IoT communications was established. The novelty of this work rests in its comprehensive approach, cementing the theoretical concept through rigorous experimentation, and emphasizing its application in enhancing the efficacy of overhead power line monitoring.

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Real-Time Transient Thermal Rating and the Calculation of Risk Level of Transmission Lines

Cited by 4 publications

References 18 publications

Review of Thermal Stress and Condition Monitoring Technologies for Overhead Transmission Lines: Issues and Challenges

Review of Thermal Stress and Condition Monitoring Technologies for Overhead Transmission Lines: Issues and Challenges

Identification of the Heat Equation Parameters for Estimation of a Bare Overhead Conductor’s Temperature by the Differential Evolution Algorithm

Energy Harvesting Device for Smart Monitoring of MV Overhead Power Lines—Theoretical Concept and Experimental Construction

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