Real-time three-dimensional visualization of standard light microscope image sequences for microassembly

Abstract

In this paper we present a novel method to visualize a sequence of standard light microscope images in 3D for teleoperated microassembly. This method increases the depth of field of the microscope images over 60 times. A volume rendering approach is used to construct the images by making use of the functionality built into current 3D graphics hardware. Through the use of this hardware, the views can be constructed at interactive rates. Two views can be constructed simultaneously to construct stereo pairs for a 3D display. This method greatly assists the operator of a microassembly system by providing the same type of visual feedback that is available during macroassembly.

Volume visualization approach for depth-of-field extension in digital pathology

“…These techniques can be broadly categorized in two classes, where one class of techniques use multiresolution analysis [2], [6], [7], [12]- [16], [18], [20] and another class of techniques [3]- [5], [8]- [11], [17], [19]that use neighborhood information such as intensity, gradient, variance, edge intensity, and texture for LDF image fusion. It should be noted that the most of the recent techniques prefer multiresolution analysis, and efforts are directed toward obtaining visibly better results.…”

An adaptive depth of field imaging system for micromanipulation

“…One solution is to construct extended focus image from multiple images obtained by scanning the optical system along the optical axis [Hausler et al, 1972, Pieper et al, 1983. In micromanipulation, this method has been applied to perform object recognition and three-dimensional visualization [Fatikow et al, 2000, Greminger et al, 2005. Because of the time for mechanical scan, image sequence capture and image processing, it is not suitable for real time visual guided micromanipulation.…”