Real time three-dimensional electrical impedance tomography applied in multiphase flow imaging

Abstract

In many industrial applications the aim is to obtain information on three-dimensional (3D) material distribution within the process vessels. With standard two-dimensional (2D) techniques only vague cross-sectional information can be obtained. It could be possible to carry out several 2D reconstructions on different layers and in this way to obtain 3D information. However, in this approach errors are induced since no real 3D information is utilized in the image reconstruction. In this paper we describe an approach to measure, reconstruct and visualize three-dimensional electrical impedance tomography images in real time. The reconstruction is based on a difference imaging scheme. An efficient current injection and voltage measurement protocol is used in order to increase the sensitivity and reduce the data collection time. The proposed approach can produce and visualize up to 15 3D EIT images per second when 80 measurement electrodes are used. Imaging results from a stirred vessel and a flow loop will be shown. The reconstructions show, for example, that 3D air/liquid distribution in the stirred vessel can reliably be visualized in real time and material flow can be monitored in a 3D section of the flow loop. Reconstructions can be visualized and analysed in many different ways in order to produce essential information on the behaviour of the processes.

Electronic hardware design of a low cost tactile sensor device for physical human-robot interactions

“…In medicine, it has been used for gastric emptying and pH measurements [20], cancer detection [21] and tissue characterization [22]. In industry, it has been used for the nondestructive testing of polycrystalline diamond [23], 3D malformations detection in industrial pressure filtration systems [24]. In geophysics, it has been used for measuring the polarization properties of soils and sediments [25] and the analysis of gravel-air-seawater mixture [26].…”

Improving spatial resolution for EIT reconstructed images through measurement strategies

“…There has not been a significant volume of research done on multi-planar strategies to date. Some exceptions include [2], who reported that resolution between planes improved when current injection and voltage measurement are taken between horizontally and vertically adjacent electrodes, and [3] applied cross-planar current drives for 3D imaging. [4] claimed that there were negligible differences between a reconstruction using a planar and a non-planar adjacent measurement strategy.…”

State estimation in process tomography—Three‐dimensional impedance imaging of moving fluids

“…Current-injecting electrodes were always on electrode layers 1 and 3, or on 2 and 4. Similar current injections were used as in laboratory measurements described in [23], in order to generate rather uniform current densities in the middle region of the pipe segment. Voltages were measured between 64 electrode pairs.…”