Real-time strategy to optimize the airflow rate of fuel cell hybrid power source under variable load cycle

Bizon, Nicu; Culcer, Mihai; Oproescu, Mihai; Iana, Gabriel; Laurentiu, Ionescu; Mazăre, Alin Gheorghita; Iliescu, Mariana

doi:10.23919/ae.2017.8053577

Cited by 10 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…The air compressor model uses the following coefficients [57]. a 0 = 0.6, a 1 = 0.04, a 2 = −0.00003231, b 0 = 0.9987, and b 1 = 46.02, and the dynamics part is modeled by a second order system with 0.7 damping ratio and 100 Hz natural frequency [57,[110][111][112].…”

Section: Fuel Cell Hybrid Power Systemmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The first variable load cycle with different P load(AV) values was used to test the Air-LFW and Fuel-LFW strategies [110,111]. Therefore, this 12 s load cycle was also utilized in this work to estimate the fuel economy point of the SW-LFW technique.…”

Section: Load Profile: Variable Load Cycle 421 the First Variable Load Cycle With Different Power P Load(av) Levelsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Another aim of this work was to compare the performance of the SW-LFW strategy with other strategies, such as the Air-LFW technique [111] and the Fuel-LFW approach [112], which use the load-following set for the hydrogen regulator or oxygen regulator, respectively, in the entire loading scale. The main benefit of the load-following regulator (employed for one of the fueling regulators [111,112] or for both regulators [110]) is the battery operation in a charge-sustained approach [113], which substantially improved the battery's lifespan [114]. The FC power source generates the required power on the DC grid, according to the load demand.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A Simple and Safe Strategy for Improving the Fuel Economy of a Fuel Cell Vehicle

Bizon

Thounthong

2021

Mathematics

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A new real-time strategy is proposed in this article to optimize the hydrogen utilization of a fuel cell vehicle, by switching the control references of fueling regulators, based on load-following. The advantages of this strategy are discussed and compared, with advanced strategies that also use the aforementioned load-following mode regulator of fueling controllers, but in the entire loading range, respectively, with a benchmark strategy utilizing the static feed-forward control of fueling controllers. Additionally, the advantages of energy-storage function in a charge-sustained mode, such as a longer service life and reduced size due to the implementation of the proposed switching strategy, are presented for the dynamic profiles across the entire load range. The optimization function was designed to improve the fuel economy by adding to the total power of the fuel utilization efficiency (in a weighted way). The proposed optimization loop will seek the reference value to control the fueling regulator in real-time, which is not regulated by a load-following approach. The best switching threshold between the high and low loading scales were obtained using a sensitivity analysis carried out for both fixed and dynamic loads. The results obtained were promising—(1) the fuel economy was two-times higher than the advanced strategies mentioned above; and (2) the total fuel consumption was 13% lower than the static feed-forward strategy. This study opens new research directions for fuel cell vehicles, such as for obtaining the best fuel economy or estimating fuel consumption up to the first refueling station on the planned road.

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Section: Fuel Cell Hybrid Power Systemmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Load Profile: Variable Load Cycle 421 the First Variable Load Cycle With Different Power P Load(av) Levelsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A Simple and Safe Strategy for Improving the Fuel Economy of a Fuel Cell Vehicle

Bizon

Thounthong

2021

Mathematics

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“…The diagram of the FCHPS Energy Management Unit (EMU) is presented in Figure 1. The setting block will select one of the RTO strategies proposed in the literature [17,29,38,44,[56][57][58][59] (see the right side of the Figure 1 and Table 1, where the references are mentioned in the last column) in order to evaluate the fuel economy under the same load profile. The performance under constant load could be measured by different indicators, such as the generated FC net power (P FCnet ) or the fuel consumption efficiency (Fuel e f f P FCnet / FuelFr), which are both important to be optimized.…”

Section: The Energy Management Unit Of the Fuel Cell Hybrid Power Systemmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The interested reader can search the following references [17,29,38,44,[56][57][58][59]] for the hybrid system configuration, the control block diagrams, and the setting used for each strategy analyzed in this study.…”

Section: The Energy Management Unit Of the Fuel Cell Hybrid Power Systemmentioning

confidence: 99%

Optimization of the Fuel Cell Renewable Hybrid Power System Using the Control Mode of the Required Load Power on the DC Bus

2019

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In this paper, a systematic analysis of seven control topologies is performed, based on three possible control variables of the power generated by the Fuel Cell (FC) system: the reference input of the controller for the FC boost converter, and the two reference inputs used by the air regulator and the fuel regulator. The FC system will generate power based on the Required-Power-Following (RPF) control mode in order to ensure the load demand, operating as the main energy source in an FC hybrid power system. The FC system will operate as a backup energy source in an FC renewable Hybrid Power System (by ensuring the lack of power on the DC bus, which is given by the load power minus the renewable power). Thus, power requested from the batteries’ stack will be almost zero during operation of the FC hybrid power system based on RPF-control mode. If the FC hybrid power system operates with a variable load demand, then the lack or excess of power on the DC bus will be dynamically ensured by the hybrid battery/ultracapacitor energy storage system for a safe transition of the FC system under the RPF-control mode. The RPF-control mode will ensure a fair comparison of the seven control topologies based on the same optimization function to improve the fuel savings. The main objective of this paper is to compare the fuel economy obtained by using each strategy under different load cycles in order to identify which is the best strategy operating across entire loading or the best switching strategy using two strategies: one strategy for high load and the other on the rest of the load range. Based on the preliminary results, the fuel consumption using these best strategies can be reduced by more than 15%, compared to commercial strategies.

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Fuel Cell Net Power Maximization Strategies

Bizon

2020

Optimization of the Fuel Cell Renewable Hybrid Power Systems

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Real-time strategy to optimize the airflow rate of fuel cell hybrid power source under variable load cycle

Abstract: This paper proposes a Real-time optimization (RTO) strategy for Fuel Cell Hybrid Power Sources based on Global Extremum Seeking (GES) control of the air flow. The performance is shown in comparison with Static Feed-Forward RTO strategy.

Cited by 10 publications

References 20 publications

A Simple and Safe Strategy for Improving the Fuel Economy of a Fuel Cell Vehicle

A Simple and Safe Strategy for Improving the Fuel Economy of a Fuel Cell Vehicle

Optimization of the Fuel Cell Renewable Hybrid Power System Using the Control Mode of the Required Load Power on the DC Bus

Fuel Cell Net Power Maximization Strategies

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