Abstract:This study investigated the self-sensing mechanism in the electromagnetic vibration-based energy harvester (EV-EH) prototype specially engineered for a commercial magnetorheological (MR) damper. The objective of the work is to demonstrate that the EV-EH unit with a specific self-powered feature can also be employed as a relative velocity sensor in the system. To do this, the self-sensing action of the unit was experimentally studied over the assumed range of working conditions. The analysis of the test results… Show more
“…The method based on the maximum function proves sufficient for most cases considered. The absence of floating-point calculations results in less computing power and the possibility of using hardware acceleration methods [33][34][35]. The CoG method allows for the increased resolution in the z-axis.…”
A Shape-From-Focus (SFF) is a three-dimensional imaging method based on focus information. It is not yet widely used for in-line industrial inspection or measurement tasks. The main reasons are the time it takes to capture a 3D image of the inspected product and the presence of interference affecting image quality. This paper compares operators for estimating focus in source images in the scope of their use in constructing an industrial 3D scanner. Interferences were introduced by using additional illuminators and changing the acquisition parameters. The use of industrial-grade cameras, industrial-grade illuminators, and electrically controlled optics are discussed. A novel approach in the research is using an electrically tunable lens to move the position of the image plane during 3D image acquisition. The research was conducted on various surfaces found on typical industrial products. The research showed which focus estimation operators can be applied to SFF imaging within the range of interference considered. It was also confirmed that using the centre of gravity method for scene reconstruction allows for an increase in resolution compared to the maximum method.
“…The method based on the maximum function proves sufficient for most cases considered. The absence of floating-point calculations results in less computing power and the possibility of using hardware acceleration methods [33][34][35]. The CoG method allows for the increased resolution in the z-axis.…”
A Shape-From-Focus (SFF) is a three-dimensional imaging method based on focus information. It is not yet widely used for in-line industrial inspection or measurement tasks. The main reasons are the time it takes to capture a 3D image of the inspected product and the presence of interference affecting image quality. This paper compares operators for estimating focus in source images in the scope of their use in constructing an industrial 3D scanner. Interferences were introduced by using additional illuminators and changing the acquisition parameters. The use of industrial-grade cameras, industrial-grade illuminators, and electrically controlled optics are discussed. A novel approach in the research is using an electrically tunable lens to move the position of the image plane during 3D image acquisition. The research was conducted on various surfaces found on typical industrial products. The research showed which focus estimation operators can be applied to SFF imaging within the range of interference considered. It was also confirmed that using the centre of gravity method for scene reconstruction allows for an increase in resolution compared to the maximum method.
“…Sapiniski and Orkisz [8] investigated the self-sensing mechanism of a self-powered MR damper. Via theoretical analysis and experiment validation, the mechanism exhibited highly accurate monitoring capability, which can be regarded as a velocity sensor.…”
In order to reuse the energy dissipated by vehicle suspension, a semi-active suspension with self-powered Magneto-Rheological (MR) damper is proposed. The electro-mechanical coupling model of self-powered semi-active suspension is established. The energy conversion efficiency is defined and investigated with electrical parameters changing. Considering unmodeled dynamics and perturbation values, the adaptive optimal fault tolerant control algorithm is proposed to ensure the vibration isolation performance. The robust index of adaptive optimal fault tolerant control algorithm is constructed by Lyapunov equation and evaluated by key parameters changing. The sensitivity of key parameters to damping force is investigated by grey relation analysis approach, furthermore, the multi-objective optimization between vibration isolation capability and energy harvesting is conducted. Through analysis, the proposed suspension can harvest more energy near the second resonance range. Compared to passive control and self-powered mode, adaptive optimal control algorithm mitigates vibration more significantly in time and frequency domain respectively under stochastic excitation. The robust index is most sensitive to inductance and diameter of magnetism cylinder. The length of damping channel and diameter of magnetism cylinder influence the sensitivity of key parameters to damping force most obviously.
“…To address the problems of magnetorheological dampers (MRDs), which requires the constant supply of electricity, the study on MRDs with multiple functions has become the a major trend in this field, leading to the emergence of MRDs with the function of relative displacement self-sensing (IRDSMRD) (Guan et al, 2019), self-powered MRDs (Sapin´ski and Orkisz, 2021), and the abilities of harvesting energy (Hu et al, 2020). The piston rods of MRDs always reciprocate, up and down, such that mechanical energy can be transferred into the thermal energy dissipated into the air (Liao et al, 2019).…”
To enhance the effect of reducing suspension vibration and harvesting the vertical vibration energy of cars, a research was conducted on an energy-regenerative suspension with magnetorheological dampers (MRDs). First, an innovative structure of energy-regenerative dampers was developed, as well as mathematical and simulation models of the damping force and energy harvest. Subsequently, simulation experiments and bench tests were conducted. Based on these, mathematical models of a two-degree-of-freedom semi-active suspension were built, and a whale optimization algorithm- proportional integral derivative (WOA-PID) control algorithm was designed. Simulation experiments were conducted on the working conditions of white-noise and impact road surfaces. The obtained results indicate that the energy-regenerative dampers considered in this study have a certain energy-regenerative capability, and the WOA-PID algorithm exerts an optimal controlling effect on the suspension.
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