Real-time self-monitoring and smart bend recognizing of fiber-reinforced polymer composites enabled by embedded magnetic fibers

Feng, Tangfeng; Wang, Yunfei; Yang, Junjie; Li, Yunlong; Xu, Peng; Wang, Huan; Peng, Hua-Xin; Qin, Faxiang

doi:10.1016/j.compscitech.2022.109869

Cited by 9 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…These flexible devices have potential applications in the field of health monitoring, , humanoid robotics, and human–machine interfaces . Recently, a large number of human-skin-like strain sensors have been designed by introducing various kind of conductive materials (metals, conductive polymers, and carbon nanoscale materials) into extensible polymer structures . However, the practical applicability of these materials as natural skin and strain sensors is hindered by low stretchability and fatigue performance, which cannot convert mechanical signals into detectable electrical signals.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Multiple-Language-Responsive Conductive Hydrogel Composites for Flexible Strain and Epidermis Sensors

Khan,

Shah,

Rahman

et al. 2024

ACS Appl. Polym. Mater.

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Conductive hydrogels are considered highly promising materials for developing skin-like sensors due to their excellent biocompatibility and mechanical flexibility. However, their limited stretchability, low toughness, and low fatigue resistance hinder their sensing capabilities and durability. To overcome these limitations, we developed a conductive hydrogel composite with high mechanical performance and the ability to respond to and identify different languages. The hydrogels are prepared by incorporating functionalized multiwalled carbon tubes (F-CNTs) into hydrophobically associated polyacrylamide (AM) and lauryl methacrylate (Lmc) hydrogels. To ensure the uniform dispersion of F-CNTs in the hydrogel network, the cationic surfactant cetyldimethylethylammonium bromide (CDAB) is used; the carboxylic group on F-CNTs cross-links the micelles and polymer chains through electrostatic interactions. The surfactant also facilitates the formation of hydrophobic interactions between the hydrogel matrix and the F-CNT surface. This greatly improves the mechanical properties of the hydrogel, resulting in excellent stretchability of 2016%, a toughness of 551.56 kJ m −3 , and an antifatigue property. The hydrogel also exhibits high tensile strain sensitivity with a gauge factor of 4.69 at 600% strain. The hybrid hydrogel-based sensors demonstrate excellent sensing capabilities, not only detecting full-range human activities but also differentiating different languages (English, Urdu, and Pushto) in both speaking and writing. Besides strain sensing, the hybrid hydrogel has the capability to mimic human skin for a touchable screen like a metal. These results highlight the potential of the F-CNT-based hybrid hydrogel as a wearable strain sensor for flexible devices.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Multiple-Language-Responsive Conductive Hydrogel Composites for Flexible Strain and Epidermis Sensors

Khan,

Shah,

Rahman

et al. 2024

ACS Appl. Polym. Mater.

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“…The range (not exhaustive) of embeddable sensor technologies for composite monitoring includes ber optics [17], piezoelectric/piezoresistive materials [18], dielectric [19], acoustic [15] as well as electromagnetic sensors [20]. These sensors usually possess rather distinct material properties with respect to the composites they are embedded within.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Multifunctional nanocomposite assessment using carbon nanotube fiber sensors

Butt,

Krasnikov,

Kondrashov

et al. 2024

Preprint

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Here, we propose a novel application of carbon nanotube fibers (CNTFs) for the one-step, dual-stage, non-destructive monitoring of multifunctional conductive nanocomposites. Hierarchical nanocomposites were created by embedding CNTFs into carbon nanotube (CNT) - modified matrices during their manufacturing to assess production variables. CNTFs are then left embedded in the structure for monitoring during nanocomposite application. We investigated the dependence of detection sensitivity and reliability on the CNTF diameter (~ 40–700 µm), electrical conductivity (~ 102-104 S/m), and the choice of measurement technique (2- and 4-point) for single-walled and multiwalled CNT fillers at different concentrations. The sensors showed promising sensitivity to CNT type and concentration, the results were independent of CNTF diameter and contact resistance, and showed low noise. For application monitoring, nanocomposites electrical and mechanical (tensile and cyclic) properties were tested to determine sensitivity to static and dynamic conditions. CNTFs did not cause any reduction in mechanical properties, unlike the losses observed for metallic electrodes (up to 60% reduction in ultimate tensile strength). CNTF-based evaluation of the electrical resistivity (between 102 — 106 Ohm∙cm) and dynamic electrical response (gauge factor between ~ 2 — 12) matched values from a standard electrode material. Microstructural analysis proved that this unique performance was due to the surface and internal volume infiltration of the nanocomposite matrices into the CNTFs, causing interconnection of the CNTs of the matrix and CNTFs. These findings show that CNTFs may be used to accurately monitor nanocomposite multifunctional properties both during manufacturing and application using one-step integration, regardless of the sample size and manufacturing technology.

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A Novel Induction‐Type Pressure Sensor based on Magneto‐Stress Impedance and Magnetoelastic Coupling Effect for Monitoring Hand Rehabilitation

Zhu,

Estevez,

Feng

et al. 2024

Small

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Visualization of training effectiveness is critical to patients’ confidence and eventual rehabilitation. Here, an innovative magnetoinductive pressure sensor is proposed for monitoring hand rehabilitation in stroke hemiplegic patients. It couples the giant magneto and stress‐impedance effects of a square spiral amorphous wire with the giant magnetoelastic effect of a polymer magnet (NdFeB@PDMS). The addition of the magnetoelastic layer results in a sensitivity improvement of 178%, a wide sensing range (up to 1 MPa), fast response/recovery times (40 ms), and excellent mechanical robustness (over 15 000 cycles). Further integration with an LC oscillation circuit enables frequency adjustment into the MHz range resulting in a sensitivity of 6.6% kPa−1 and outstanding linearity (R2 = 0.99717) over a stress range of up to 100 kPa. When attached to a commercial split‐fingerboard, the sensor is capable of dynamically monitoring the force in each finger, providing a reading of the rehabilitation process. Unlike conventional inductive sensors, the sensor is based on an inductive force‐responsive material (amorphous wire), which significantly boosts the sensitivity. The approach also demonstrates the potential of magnetoelasticity in static pressure sensing, which is highly sensitive to dynamic pressure only through electromagnetic induction. This makes it more suitable for long‐term and continuous human health monitoring.

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Real-time self-monitoring and smart bend recognizing of fiber-reinforced polymer composites enabled by embedded magnetic fibers

Cited by 9 publications

References 37 publications

Multiple-Language-Responsive Conductive Hydrogel Composites for Flexible Strain and Epidermis Sensors

Multiple-Language-Responsive Conductive Hydrogel Composites for Flexible Strain and Epidermis Sensors

Multifunctional nanocomposite assessment using carbon nanotube fiber sensors

A Novel Induction‐Type Pressure Sensor based on Magneto‐Stress Impedance and Magnetoelastic Coupling Effect for Monitoring Hand Rehabilitation

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