Real-Time Routing in Wireless Sensor Networks

Ali, A.; Latiff, Liza Abdul; Sarijari, Mohd Adib; Fisal, Norsheila

doi:10.1109/icdcs.workshops.2008.70

Cited by 19 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…BIOSARP [14][15][16] is a routing protocol based on ant colony optimization proposed for WSN. The proposed work has improved performance as compared to other routing protocols shown in [17]. Two types of ant are used where the search ant explore new neighboring nodes and data ant move hop by hop on the base of best pheromone value for neighboring nodes until the destination.…”

Section: Related Workmentioning

confidence: 92%

CARPM: Cross Layer Ant Based Routing Protocol for Wireless Multimedia Sensor Network

Abazeed

Saleem

Zubair

et al. 2015

Ad-Hoc Networks and Wireless

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Abstract. Applying multimedia to Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) adds more challenges due to WSN resource constraints and the strict Quality of Service (QoS) requirements for multimedia transmission. Different multimedia applications may have different QoS requirements, so routing protocols designed for Wireless Multimedia Sensor Network (WMSN) should be conversant of these requirements and challenges in order to ensure the efficient use of resources to transfer multimedia packets in an utmost manner. The majority of solutions proposed for WMSN depends on traditional layered based mechanisms which are inefficient for multimedia transmission. In this paper we propose a crosslayer Ant based Routing Protocol for WMSN (CARPM) by using modified ant colony optimization (ACO) technique to enhance the routing efficiency. The proposed protocol uses an improved ACO to search for the best path that are satisfied with the multimedia traffic requirements. While making best decision the weightage is given to energy consumption, and queuing delay. The proposed cross layer scheme works between the routing, MAC, and physical layers. Since, the remaining power and timestamp metrics are exchanged from physical layer to network layer. Dynamics duty cycle assignment is proposed at MAC layer which changes according to traffic rate. The presented algorithm is simulated using NS2 and is proven to satisfy its goals through a series of simulations.

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Section: Related Workmentioning

confidence: 92%

CARPM: Cross Layer Ant Based Routing Protocol for Wireless Multimedia Sensor Network

Abazeed

Saleem

Zubair

et al. 2015

Ad-Hoc Networks and Wireless

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…The existing approaches are well surveyed in [ 5 ]. Hardware based LQE uses RSS (received signal strength) [ 6 , 7 , 8 ], LQI (link quality indicator) [ 9 , 10 , 11 ] and SNR (signal noise ratio) [ 12 , 13 , 14 ] as indicators while software based LQE exploits metrics such as PRR (packet reception ratio) [ 15 , 16 , 17 ], ETX (expected transmission count) [ 18 , 19 , 20 ] and 4-bit [ 2 ]. Typical work [ 2 , 3 , 18 , 21 ] takes either network layer, link layer or physical layer information as input to get the estimation of link qualities.…”

Section: Related Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

LESS: Link Estimation with Sparse Sampling in Intertidal WSNs

Zhou

Chen

et al. 2018

Sensors

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Deploying wireless sensor networks (WSN) in the intertidal area is an effective approach for environmental monitoring. To sustain reliable data delivery in such a dynamic environment, a link quality estimation mechanism is crucial. However, our observations in two real WSN systems deployed in the intertidal areas reveal that link update in routing protocols often suffers from energy and bandwidth waste due to the frequent link quality measurement and updates. In this paper, we carefully investigate the network dynamics using real-world sensor network data and find it feasible to achieve accurate estimation of link quality using sparse sampling. We design and implement a compressive-sensing-based link quality estimation protocol, LESS, which incorporates both spatial and temporal characteristics of the system to aid the link update in routing protocols. We evaluate LESS in both real WSN systems and a large-scale simulation, and the results show that LESS can reduce energy and bandwidth consumption by up to 50% while still achieving more than 90% link quality estimation accuracy.

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“…Beside reliability and energy consumption, real-time behavior as a third key feature that is added to the requirements of WSNs in rescue scenarios. Real-time features normally cannot be implemented as an addon to an existing system because they affect every part of a system like timer architecture and routing protocols [2].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A real-time kernel for wireless sensor networks employed in rescue scenarios

Will

Schleiser

Schiller

2009

2009 IEEE 34th Conference on Local Computer Networks

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In rescue scenarios, real-time requirements are one key issue when using wireless sensor networks (WSNs) for tracking and monitoring of rescue forces. If a node detects an alarm condition, the alarm message must be delivered to the base station in time. To guarantee the timely delivery the whole system architecture has to fulfill real-time requirements. There are only a few real-time architectures which can be used for sensor networks. These architectures are too generic to comply with the other requirements of a WSN architecture, like RAM usage and energy awareness.In this paper, we present FireKernel, a real-time micro kernel designed for WSN operating systems with a special focus on hard real-time requirements and strict energy management. It offers a preemptive real-time scheduler, mutexes and synchronous message passing for interprocess communication (IPC). The scheduler is prioritybased and uses no periodical timers. As part of the kernel we introduce a tickless timer system. We have implemented and tested the kernel on MSP430 and ARM7TDMI based sensor nodes.We discuss the kernel's architecture, implementation and resource usage. Further, we present benchmark results for interrupt latency and energy consumption of the timer architecture.

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Real-Time Routing in Wireless Sensor Networks

Cited by 19 publications

References 8 publications

CARPM: Cross Layer Ant Based Routing Protocol for Wireless Multimedia Sensor Network

CARPM: Cross Layer Ant Based Routing Protocol for Wireless Multimedia Sensor Network

LESS: Link Estimation with Sparse Sampling in Intertidal WSNs

A real-time kernel for wireless sensor networks employed in rescue scenarios

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