Real-Time Rendering of Rough Refraction

Rousiers, Charles de; Bousseau, Adrien; Subr, Kartic; Holzschuch, Nicolas; Ramamoorthi, Ravi

doi:10.1109/tvcg.2011.282

Cited by 13 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…Supported by the newlyderived operators, we can easily further adapt ASGs to other existing SG-based applications and improve their scalability in handling anisotropic effects. E.g., ASGs can be applied in normal map filtering [Han et al 2007] to better represent anisotropic NDFs, or used in indirect highlight rendering [Laurijssen et al 2010] to deal with anisotropic BRDFs, or employed by real-time rough refraction [de Rousiers et al 2012] to render anisotropic refraction effects, etc. Besides rendering, since SGs have been widely used for function approximation and nonlinear regression estimation in the field of machine learning, ASGs and its operators with closed-form solutions are also expected to benefit this kind of applications in fields beyond computer graphics.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Closed-form products are also important, since rendering often involves multiplications of different functions, such as lighting, BRDF and visibility. Closed-form convolutions provide fundamental support for several graphics applications, such as normal map filtering [Han et al 2007], bi-scale BRDF calculation [Iwasaki et al 2012a], and rough refraction [de Rousiers et al 2012], in which large-scale effective BRDFs (or BTDFs) are obtained by convolving NDF with small-scale BRDFs (or BTDFs). Closed-form convolution is also potentially applicable for rendering indirect highlights [Laurijssen et al 2010], in which calculations of indirect lighting can be formulated as convolutions of the BRDFs of two bouncing surfaces.…”

Section: Supported Operatorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…To achieve real-time rendering of complex reflectances (BRDFs) under real-world environmental lighting, recent approaches [Tsai and Shih 2006;Wang et al 2009;Iwasaki et al 2012a] adopt Spherical Gaussians (SGs) to effectively represent lighting, BRDFs or visibility for computing light transport. The reason why SGs have been chosen is due to their several desirable properties: First, SGs have varying support sizes (bandwidths) and are rotationally invariant, and hence it is convenient to use SGs to represent all-frequency signals, such as lighting and BRDF, and to rotate them freely; secondly, SGs have closed-form solutions for integral, product, and convolution, which are fundamental operators for evaluating rendering integrals [Kajiya 1986] and many other applications [Han et al 2007;de Rousiers et al 2012].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Anisotropic spherical Gaussians

Sun

Zhang

et al. 2013

ACM Trans. Graph.

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1 SG, 9.2%, 180 fps 3 SGs, 6.0% , 76 fps 5 SGs, 3.4 %, 55 fps 7 SGs, 2.0% , 36 fps 9 SGs, 1.1% , 27 fps 1 ASG 11 SGs, 0.54% , 22 fps 13 SGs, 0.26% , 19 fps 15 SGs, 0.11% , 17 fps 1 ASG, 0.10% , 125 fps reference Figure 1: Comparison of the SG (Spherical Gaussian) based approximation with the ASG (Anisotropic Spherical Gaussian) based approximation in rendering a highly anisotropic metal dish, under an environment light and two local lights. The BRDF of the metal dish is approximated by different number of ASGs or SGs in different images. Notice the superior property of ASGs over SGs. The result generated by 1 ASG already matches the path-traced reference well (with a L 2 error of 0.10%), and achieves a high framerate of 125 fps, while, to achieve a similar quality, more than 10 SGs are required, but with much lower framerates (19 fps for 13 SGs or 17 fps for 15 SGs). The L 2 error and the framerates for each configuration are also given in the corresponding subtitle. AbstractWe present a novel anisotropic Spherical Gaussian (ASG) function, built upon the Bingham distribution [Bingham 1974], which is much more effective and efficient in representing anisotropic spherical functions than Spherical Gaussians (SGs). In addition to retaining many desired properties of SGs, ASGs are also rotationally invariant and capable of representing all-frequency signals. To further strengthen the properties of ASGs, we have derived approximate closed-form solutions for their integral, product and convolution operators, whose errors are nearly negligible, as validated by quantitative analysis. Supported by all these operators, ASGs can be adapted in existing SG-based applications to enhance their scalability in handling anisotropic effects. To demonstrate the accuracy and efficiency of ASGs in practice, we have applied ASGs in two important SG-based rendering applications and the experimental results clearly reveal the merits of ASGs.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Supported Operatorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Anisotropic spherical Gaussians

Sun

Zhang

et al. 2013

ACM Trans. Graph.

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“…In addition, Oliveira et al utilized programmable GPU for imagespace technique that calculates the intersection between the ray and objects efficiently [14]. Furthermore, Rodgman et al proposed another rendering method for refraction in volume graphics [15], and Rousiers et al also proposed another method for representing refraction through a transparent object that has rough surfaces [16]. On the contrary, Chen et al suggested a depth acquisition method from refractive images, which method can measure the depth from the eye if the cause of refraction is already known [17].…”

Section: Related Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analytical Method for Reflection and Refraction

Mukai¹

2019

Computer Graphics and Imaging

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In computer graphics, ray tracing is very simple and powerful method to present physical phenomena especially light-related things such as reflection and refraction since it traces the ray from the eye to the light source; however, we cannot understand how the result image is generated. Then, this chapter describes the mechanism of reflection and refraction. It is very time-consuming to render the target object considering reflection and refraction. If the object distorted by reflection and refraction is previously obtained, it is very fast to generate the result image since all we have to do is to render the distorted object without considering reflection and refraction. In the proposed method, firstly, a virtual object, which is constructed with vertices translated from original ones by considering reflection and refraction, is generated. Then, the image with reflection and refraction is generated by rendering the virtual object. In the analysis, total reflection and attenuation of light power are also considered. At last, the proposed method is applied to two types of transparent objects: cubed glass and cylindrical glass, and the comparison between the simulation results and the real photos is performed to demonstrate that the generated images are the same as the real ones.

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“…Dai et al [8] proposed a dual-microfacet model to treat a special case of thin slabs with spatially varying roughness, omitting light transport inside the objects. Real-time algorithms to simulate rough refraction effects are also available in CG literature [9,32,33]. One common limitation of these models is that they do not account for multiple scales.…”

Section: Microfacet-based Btdf Modelsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Real-time rendering of refracting transmissive objects with multi-scale rough surfaces

Guo

Pan

2015

Vis Comput

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This paper presents an efficient approach to render refracting transmissive objects with multi-scale surface roughness, under distant illumination. To correctly capture both fine-scale surface details and large-scale appearances, and enable real-time processing at various viewing resolutions, we first divide the surface roughness into three levels, namely, micro-scale, meso-scale and macro-scale. Each scale of roughness is modeled and evaluated using different strategies, and the overall roughness is approximated by their spherical convolution. Then, this representation is incorporated into a microfacet-based BTDF model, and multi-scale rough refractions are simulated on both front and back sides of an object as light enters and exits the object. In particular, non-linear filtering methods are applied to both macro-scale geometries and meso-scale bumps to reduce aliasing when viewed across a range of distances. Finally, experimental results illustrate that our approach produces resolution-dependent refraction effects that match supersampled ground truth, while achieving a speed up of several orders of magnitude with hardware acceleration.

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Real-Time Rendering of Rough Refraction

Cited by 13 publications

References 24 publications

Anisotropic spherical Gaussians

Anisotropic spherical Gaussians

Analytical Method for Reflection and Refraction

Real-time rendering of refracting transmissive objects with multi-scale rough surfaces

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