Real-time pressure disturbance monitoring system in the Yellow Sea: pilot test during the period of March to April 2018

Occurrence of pressure-forced meteotsunami events in the eastern Yellow Sea during 2010–2019

“…Radar images can be used to track the temporal and spatial distribution of air pressure jumps because there is a high correlation between the intensity of the air pressure disturbance and the reflectivity of the radar (Linares et al, 2016;Pellikka et al, 2020;Wertman et al, 2014). Based on the records from the tide gauges, AWSs, and radar images, we found the following characteristics of the air pressure jump during this extreme meteotsunami event:…”

“…The cases in which the air pressure jump threshold was not satisfied but the meteotsunami still occurred may also correspond to wind-dominated meteotsunami events. The contribution of air pressure and wind to meteotsunami generation can differ by event and region (Linares et al, 2016); however, air pressure disturbances typically play a much larger role than wind forcing (Vilibić et al, 2005). Conversely, the cases in which strong air pressure jumps were detected at multiple AWSs, but meteotsunamis were below the intensity and propagation thresholds, may be due to interference from interactions between meteotsunamis and tides (Choi et al, 2014) or waves near the coast (Linares et al, 2019).…”

“…an absolute threshold criterion of wave height exceeding 5-100 cm in any given region (Linares et al, 2016;Pattiaratchi and Wijeratne, 2014;Pellikka et al, 2020;Rabinovich and Monserrat, 1996;Williams et al, 2021);…”

“…Understanding the temporal and spatial trends in meteotsunami occurrence is essential for the prevention of and preparation for potential coastal hazards (Linares et al, 2016). Accordingly, there have been attempts to develop a monitoring system for meteotsunami disaster prevention by finding favorable atmospheric conditions that can cause potential meteotsunamis at various times and locations.…”

“…Bechle et al (2015) suggested common storm structures favorable to meteotsunami occurrence in Lake Michigan by using meteorological station data as well as the temporal and spatial patterns of reflectivity in radar images. In addition, numerical model runs have been conducted to assess the vulnerability and risks in coastal areas for various propagation scenarios for atmospheric disturbances (Linares et al, 2016;Šepić et al, 2015a;Vilibić et al, 2005). Recently, an extreme-sea-level-hazard assessment was suggested based on deterministic atmospheric and ocean models as well as a statistical model, as providing a new avenue for meteotsunami early warning systems (Denamiel et al, 2019).…”