Real-time PCR for differential quantification of CVI988 vaccine virus and virulent strains of Marek’s disease virus

Baigent, Susan J.; Nair, Venugopal; Galludec, Hervé Le

doi:10.1016/j.jviromet.2016.03.002

Cited by 50 publications

(56 citation statements)

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“…These results suggest that flocks of birds differ in their susceptibility to virus and in their shedding rate should they become infectious. High susceptibility and shedding rates might be rapidly assessed in the field by determining the virus concentration in dust samples or feather tips (Baigent et al, 2016). Our results also suggest that cleanout efficiency varies on this farm and that this variation has had detectable effects on virus dynamics.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Infectious MDV can be contained in this dust (Carrozza et al, 1973), being shed with the epithelial cells of infectious chickens and transmitted through the inhalation of virus-contaminated dust (Colwell and Schmittle, 1968). The concentration of MDV in dust can be measured through quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) (Baigent et al, 2005, 2016; Islam et al, 2006). Our model is constructed with this type of data in mind.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Modeling Marek's disease virus transmission: A framework for evaluating the impact of farming practices and evolution

2018

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Marek’s disease virus (MDV) is a pathogen of chickens whose control has twice been undermined by pathogen evolution. Disease ecology is believed to be the main driver of this evolution, yet mathematical models of MDV disease ecology have never been confronted with data to test their reliability. Here, we develop a suite of MDV models that differ in the ecological mechanisms they include. We fit these models with maximum likelihood using iterated filtering in ‘pomp’ to data on MDV concentration in dust collected from two commercial broiler farms. We find that virus dynamics are influenced by between-flock variation in host susceptibility to virus, shedding rate from infectious birds, and cleanout efficiency. We also find evidence that virus is reintroduced to farms approximately once per month, but we do not find evidence that virus sanitization rates vary between flocks. Of the models that survive model selection, we find agreement between parameter estimates and previous experimental data, as well as agreement between field data and the predictions of these models. Using the set of surviving models, we explore how changes to farming practices are predicted to influence MDV-associated condemnation risk (production losses at slaughter). By quantitatively capturing the mechanisms of disease ecology, we have laid the groundwork to explore the future trajectory of virus evolution.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modeling Marek's disease virus transmission: A framework for evaluating the impact of farming practices and evolution

2018

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“…DIVA assays were developed to provide differential molecular detection assays for vaccine and field viruses of ILTV (Shil et al, 2015). Baigent et al (2016) described the pp38 MDV DIVA real-time PCR for differential identification of MDV-1 vaccine DNAs from MDV-1 virulent isolate DNAs. That assay was developed using cell-cultured prototype viruses, however, and its employment on feather tip extracts of commercial chickens that have been vaccinated commercially, did not provided the desired differential specificity between the wild-type and the vaccine viruses.…”

Section: Differentiation Between Wild-type and Vaccine Viruses -Divamentioning

confidence: 99%

Biotic concerns in generating molecular diagnosis matrixes for 4 avian viruses with emphasis on Marek’s disease virus

Davidson¹

2019

Journal of Virological Methods

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A B S T R A C TThe great advance in the field of diagnosis of avian viruses is reflecting the highly sophisticated molecular assays of the human and general virology in providing highly sensitive and fast methods of diagnosis. The present review will discuss the biotic factors and the complexities that became evident with the evolution of the novel molecular diagnostic assays with emphasis on 4 avian viruses, chicken anemia, infectious laryngotracheitis, turkey meningoencephalitis, but mainly on Marek's disease virus.To create a biologically meaningful diagnosis, attention should be dedicated to various biotic factors and not only of the diagnostic assay. Included among the important factors are, (a) the sample examined and the sampling strategy, (b) the outcomes of the pathogen amplification ex vivo, (c) the sampling time and its reflection on the disease diagnosis, (d) the impact of simultaneous multiple virus-infections regarding the ability to demonstrate all pathogens and inter-and intra-interactions between the pathogens. A concerted consideration of the relevant factors and the use of advanced molecular diagnostic assay would yield biologically significant diagnosis in real-time that would beneficiate the poultry industry. Recently Shojaei et al. (2015) and Astill et al. (2018) described novel methodologies developed to detect rapidly avian viruses, such as

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“…Marek's disease virus have made it possible to detect and quantify virus collected from field settings (2,3,23). Four studies have used qPCR methods to study field samples to study virus dynamics in Australia (18,38,44) and Iraq (43).…”

Section: The Development Of Quantitative Polymerase Chain Reaction (Qmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These strains are related but not identical to wild-type virus. Once vaccinated, a bird can shed these vaccine strains (3,24), and so we used the primer-probe combination of Baigent et al (2) that is capable of quantifying wild-type virus in the presence of each of the vaccine strains. This specificity is necessary because all chickens included in our study were vaccinated against Marek's disease.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Industry-wide surveillance of Marek’s disease virus on commercial poultry farms

Kennedy

Cairns

Jones

et al. 2016

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Real-time PCR for differential quantification of CVI988 vaccine virus and virulent strains of Marek’s disease virus

Cited by 50 publications

References 56 publications

Modeling Marek's disease virus transmission: A framework for evaluating the impact of farming practices and evolution

Modeling Marek's disease virus transmission: A framework for evaluating the impact of farming practices and evolution

Biotic concerns in generating molecular diagnosis matrixes for 4 avian viruses with emphasis on Marek’s disease virus

Industry-wide surveillance of Marek’s disease virus on commercial poultry farms

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