Real-time PCR detection of environmental mycobacteria in house dust

Torvinen, Eila; Torkko, Pirjo; Nevalainen, Aino; Rintala, Helena

doi:10.1016/j.mimet.2010.04.007

Cited by 51 publications

(52 citation statements)

References 39 publications

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“…The median cell count was 10 6 cells/g and the median colony count was 10 3 CFU/g. Identification of samples was not possible by qPCR, but the species isolated by culture were M. nonchromogenicum, M. kumamotonense, M. terrae, M. avium complex and M. gordonae (Torvinen et al 2010). The contamination of air with mycobacteria in a peat moss processing plant was assessed by Cayer et al (2007).…”

Section: Mycobacteria In Soilmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Mycobacteria in water, soil, plants and air: a review

Hruška¹,

Kaevska²

2012

Vet. Med.

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Amazingly, despite the 24 143 papers on mycobacteria, indexed in the Web of Science database during the last six years, published by 67 008 authors from 13 128 organizations located in 166 countries or territories, internationally accepted legal directives on how to control the public health risk associated with environmental mycobacteria have yet to be developed. Mycobacteria are human and animal pathogens, causing not only tuberculosis and leprosy, but mycobacterioses of skin, soft tissues and lung. Due to their cell wall composition and their adaptability mycobacteria can survive in different habitats for years. Their immunomodulatory ability has been recognised for more than 50 years and hundreds of papers published during the last two decades have demonstrated that small chemical products derived from mycobacterial cells participate in inflammatory pathways involved the pathogenesis of important human diseases like Crohn's disease, asthma, type 1 diabetes mellitus, psoriasis, arthrosis, Blau syndrom, sarcoidosis, autism etc. Mycobacteria can influence inflammatory pathways not only as live organisms, but also by means of components derived from dead cells. Pasteurisation or cooking does not affect this ability. Hence, how many mycobacterial cells are ingested, what factors play a role concurrently, and how long the harmful effect persists become important questions. This paper presents only a short review based on selected papers about mycobacteria in water, soil, plants and air with the aim of attracting attention to this significant global problem and of making the first steps towards protection of people. Selected bibliographic references of published data from 2007 to 2012 are presented in easy-to-navigate tables.Keywords: Mycobacterium; water; soil; plant; vegetables; air; biofilm; sediment; determination; zoonoses; food safety List of abbreviations CFU = colony forming units; DGGE = denaturation gradient gel electrophoresis; IMS = immuno-magnetic separation; IS = insertion sequence; ITS = intergenic transcribed spacer; MAC = Mycobacterium avium complex; MAP/Map = Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis; MTC = Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex; MWF = metal working fluids; nPCR = nested PCR; NTM = non-tuberculous mycobacteria; PCR = polymerase chain reaction; PPM = potentially pathogenic mycobacteria; qPCR = quantitative real time PCR; RFLP = restriction fragment length polymorphism

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Section: Mycobacteria In Soilmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…IS900 is specific for M. avium subsp. paratuberculosis and is the most widely used sequence for its detection (Pickup et al 2005(Pickup et al , 2006Whan et al 2005;Torvinen et al 2010). For detection of M. avium subsp.…”

Section: Identification Of Mycobacteriamentioning

confidence: 99%

Mycobacteria in water, soil, plants and air: a review

Hruška¹,

Kaevska²

2012

Vet. Med.

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“…(Myco) and Streptomyces spp. (Strep) and the universal bacterial assay (Haugland et al, 2004;Rintala and Nevalainen, 2006;Kärkkäinen et al, 2010;Torvinen et al, 2010). The internal standard was monitored using the assay described by Haugland et al (2004).…”

Section: Microbial Characterization Of the Pm Samplesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The measured fungal genera Penicillium and Aspergillus (PenAsp) are the most common fungal species in indoor environments and the species Cladosporium cladosporioides (Cclad) is a common outdoor air fungus (Miller et al, 1988;Ren et al, 1999). The bacterial genera Streptomyces (Strep) and Mycobacterium (Myco) are common in soil and thus, while they are present in the outdoor air, they have also been commonly found in indoor environments , Torvinen et al, 2010.…”

Section: Microbial Concentrationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterization of Chemical and Microbial Species from Size-Segregated Indoor and Outdoor Particulate Samples

Sippula

Rintala

Happo

et al. 2013

Aerosol Air Qual. Res.

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The respirable particles in both outdoor and indoor air contain several different components that are considered to have adverse health effects; e.g., polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), various metals and microbial species. In this study, size segregated particle samples were collected for chemical, microbial and toxicological analyses from the indoor and outdoor air during each season of the year. The indoor sampling was carried out in a new, detached house with a novel sampling approach. The inorganic species accounted for 8-43% of the total respirable particles. The highest fine particle metal concentrations, both outdoors and indoors, were observed during summer, when the air quality was affected by wildfire smoke plumes, while in coarse particles the total metal concentrations were the highest during the spring, due to the high contribution from mineral dust. The PAH concentrations were 1.3 to 4.8 times higher in outdoor than in indoor air, and they were clearly the highest during winter, most probably due to residential heating, which is a major PAH source. PAHs with four rings had the largest contribution to the total PAHs. Microbial DNA was observed in all size classes, but the highest concentrations were measured in the coarse (PM 2.5-10 ) fraction. The microbial concentrations were higher in the indoor air samples during winter, while in the outdoor ones during summer.

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“…NTM have been isolated from drinking water pipelines (Thomson et al, 2013b, Torvinen et al, 2004, water tanks (Tuffley and Holbeche, 1980), hot tubs (Mangione et al, 2001), residential faucets (Slosarek et al, 1993, Thomson et al, 2013a, hospital faucets and ice machines (Cooksey et al, 2008, Galassi et al, 2003, diagnostic laboratories (Chang et al, 2002), bottled and municipal water, commercial and hospital ice (Covert et al, 1999), potting soil (De Groote et al, 2006), house dust (Dawson, 1971, Torvinen et al, 2010, water damaged building materials (Torvinen et al, 2006), showerheads (Falkinham III et al, 2008), shower aerosols (Thomson et al, 2013a), hot-tub aerosols (Mangione et al, 2001), coniferous forest soils (Iivanainen et al, 1997), brook waters (Iivanainen et al, 1993), cigarettes (Eaton et al, 1995), livestock (Leite et al, 2003), coastal mosses (Schröder et al, 1992) and seawater (Gruft et al, 1979). Reports span multiple countries (including the USA, Australia, the UK, France, the Netherlands, Denmark, Czechoslovakia, Italy, Finland, Germany, Madagascar, Tanzania, Taiwan, Japan and Korea) and climates.…”

Section: 2) Ntm Are Common In Many Environmentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“Environmental transmission factors and host genetic polymorphisms influencing NTM infection in patients with no overt immunodeficiency”

Halstrom¹

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Pulmonary disease associated with non-tuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) is a poorly understood and difficult to treat condition. It is an increasingly common problem in a subset of older individuals, with NTM lung disease now reported more frequently than tuberculosis in Australia.Environmental exposure appears to be the primary route for pulmonary NTM infection, but specific risk factors remain poorly determined. A large subset of patients with pulmonary NTM disease appears to be immunocompetent, but the existence of an as yet unidentified deficiency in these patients' immune response to NTM infection may influence their risk of infection.This thesis begins with a review of the evidence that pathogenic species of NTM have been isolated from drinking water distribution systems, soil and house dust, so exposure may be very common. A defect in immune response appears critical to the development of disease. Ways by which genetic make-up may predispose some individuals to pulmonary NTM disease were addressed. This involved investigations of polymorphic alleles across IL10 and a group of three novel genes P2X4R, P2X7R and CAMKK2.

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Real-time PCR detection of environmental mycobacteria in house dust

Cited by 51 publications

References 39 publications

Mycobacteria in water, soil, plants and air: a review

Mycobacteria in water, soil, plants and air: a review

Characterization of Chemical and Microbial Species from Size-Segregated Indoor and Outdoor Particulate Samples

“Environmental transmission factors and host genetic polymorphisms influencing NTM infection in patients with no overt immunodeficiency”

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