Real-Time PCR Detection of Candida Species in Biopsy Samples from Non-Smokers with Oral Dysplasia and Oral Squamous Cell Cancer: A Retrospective Archive Study

Abstract

The impact of Candida sp. in the development of oral cancer remains uncertain and requires sensitive analytical approaches for clarification. Given the invasive capabilities of these microorganisms in penetrating and invading host tissues through hyphal invasion, this study sought to detect the presence of five Candida sp. in oral biopsy tissue samples from non-smoker patients. Samples were obtained from patients at varying stages of oral carcinogenesis, including dysplasia, carcinoma in situ, OSCC, and histologically benign lesions, and analyzed using Real-Time PCR. Oral tissue samples from 80 patients (46 males and 34 females) were included. Significantly higher C. albicans presence was detected in the mild/moderate dysplasia group compared to the healthy (p = 0.001), carcinoma in situ (p = 0.031) and OSCC groups (p = 0.000). Similarly, C. tropicalis carriage was higher in tissues with mild/moderate dysplasia compared to healthy (p = 0.004) and carcinoma in situ (p = 0.019). Our results showed a significant increase in the presence of C. albicans and C. tropicalis within the mild/moderate dysplasia group compared to other cohorts. Coexistence of these two microorganisms was observed, suggesting a potential transition from a commensal state to an opportunistic pathogen, which could be particularly linked to the onset of oral neoplasia.

Investigation of adhesion status of Candida species to the surface of resin materials produced at different angles with additive manufacturing

“…The amount and purity of the extracted DNA samples were determined by measuring the absorbance at 260/280 nm using a microvolume spectrophotometer (Nanodrop 2000c, Thermo Scientific, USA). The FastStart Essential DNA Green Master Kit (Roche Diagnostics GmbH, Germany) was used to quantify the extracted DNA samples by Real-Time PCR [ 19 ]. The species-specific PCR primer sets were used to quantify each of the five Candida species in Real-Time PCR experiments (Table 1 ).…”

Oral Mycobiota: A Narrative Review

“…Candida albicans and Candida tropicalis were associated with mild/moderate dysplasia in a study that compared biopsy samples from non-smoker subjects with dysplasia, carcinoma in situ, oral squamous cell carcinoma, and histologically benign lesions [75].…”