Real-Time PCR Confirms Infection with Lagovirus europaeus

Bębnowska, Dominika; Hrynkiewicz, Rafał; Niedźwiedzka-Rystwej, Paulina

doi:10.3390/app11020656

Cited by 4 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…compared to the control. The same result regarding the upregulation of Bcl-2 family proteins (determined at the level of Bax and Bcl-2 mRNA) in the liver tissue and in the spleen and kidneys after infection of rabbits with the L. europaeus GI.2 genotype was obtained by Bebnowska et al (2023Bebnowska et al ( , 2024. In our lung and spleen results, the Bax mRNA gene expression level indicates a lower degree of apoptosis (statistically insignificant).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 83%

“…Chen et al (2018) found that non-structural protein 6 (NSP6)-induced Caspase-3 activity in Oryctolagus cuniculus kidney cells (RK13). However, other studies showed a significant increase in Caspase-3 mRNA in rabbit liver (Bebnowska et al, 2024) and cleaved protein Caspase-3 in lung, heart, kidney, and spleen during infection with the L. europaeus GI.2 genotype (Bebnowska et al, 2023). This methodological approach is better for measuring apoptosis levels/ activity biomarkers (Caspase-3, PARP, and Bax/Bcl-2 proteins).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It has also been shown that apoptosis (Alonso et al, 1998;Jung et al, 2000;San-Miguel et al, 2006;Ni et al, 2009;Garcia-Lastra et al, 2010;Marques et al, 2010;Tunon et al, 2011;Chen et al, 2018), necrosis (Park et al, 1995), and oxidative stress (San-Miguel et al, 2006;Hu et al, 2020) are elements in the pathogenesis of RHD. The progression of the disease correlates with increased apoptosis not only of liver cells (Alonso et al, 1998;Jung et al, 2000;Garcia-Lastra et al, 2010;Tunon et al, 2011;Vallejo et al, 2014;Chen et al, 2018;10.3389/fmicb.2024.1349535 Frontiers in Microbiology 03 frontiersin.org Bebnowska et al, 2024) but also of lung, kidney, heart, and spleen cells (Alonso et al, 1998;San-Miguel et al, 2006;Ni et al, 2009;Bebnowska et al, 2023), as well as necrosis (Park et al, 1995). Further studies showed apoptosis of T and B lymphocytes in the liver, spleen, and granulocytes and lymphocytes in peripheral blood (Marques et al, 2010;Niedzwiedzka-Rystwej and Deptula, 2012;Hukowska-Szematowicz, 2013;Niedzwiedzka-Rystwej et al, 2013a,b).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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MicroRNAs participate in the regulation of apoptosis and oxidative stress-related gene expression in rabbits infected with Lagovirus europaeus GI.1 and GI.2 genotypes

Ostrycharz,

Fitzner,

Kęsy

et al. 2024

Front. Microbiol.

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MicroRNAs (miRs) are a group of small, 17–25 nucleotide, non-coding RNA that regulate gene expression at the post-transcriptional level. To date, little is known about the molecular signatures of regulatory interactions between miRs and apoptosis and oxidative stress in viral diseases. Lagovirus europaeus is a virus that causes severe disease in rabbits (Oryctolagus cuniculus) called Rabbit Hemorrhagic Disease (RHD) and belongs to the Caliciviridae family, Lagovirus genus. Within Lagovirus europaeus associated with RHD, two genotypes (GI.1 and GI.2) have been distinguished, and the GI.1 genotype includes four variants (GI.1a, GI.1b, GI.1c, and GI.1d). The study aimed to assess the expression of miRs and their target genes involved in apoptosis and oxidative stress, as well as their potential impact on the pathways during Lagovirus europaeus—two genotypes (GI.1 and GI.2) infection of different virulences in four tissues (liver, lung, kidneys, and spleen). The expression of miRs and target genes related to apoptosis and oxidative stress was determined using quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR). In this study, we evaluated the expression of miR-21 (PTEN, PDCD4), miR-16b (Bcl-2, CXCL10), miR-34a (p53, SIRT1), and miRs—related to oxidative stress—miR-122 (Bach1) and miR-132 (Nfr-2). We also examined the biomarkers of both processes (Bax, Bax/Bcl-2 ratio, Caspase-3, PARP) and HO-I as biomarkers of oxidative stress. Our report is the first to present the regulatory effects of miRs on apoptosis and oxidative stress genes in rabbit infection with Lagovirus europaeus—two genotypes (GI.1 and GI.2) in four tissues (liver, lungs, kidneys, and spleen). The regulatory effect of miRs indicates that, on the one hand, miRs can intensify apoptosis (miR-16b, miR-34a) in the examined organs in response to a viral stimulus and, on the other hand, inhibit (miR-21), which in both cases may be a determinant of the pathogenesis of RHD and tissue damage. Biomarkers of the Bax and Bax/Bcl-2 ratio promote more intense apoptosis after infection with the Lagovirus europaeus GI.2 genotype. Our findings demonstrate that miR-122 and miR-132 regulate oxidative stress in the pathogenesis of RHD, which is associated with tissue damage. The HO-1 biomarker in the course of rabbit hemorrhagic disease indicates oxidative tissue damage. Our findings show that miR-21, miR-16b, and miR-34a regulate three apoptosis pathways. Meanwhile, miR-122 and miR-132 are involved in two oxidative stress pathways.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 83%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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MicroRNAs participate in the regulation of apoptosis and oxidative stress-related gene expression in rabbits infected with Lagovirus europaeus GI.1 and GI.2 genotypes

Ostrycharz,

Fitzner,

Kęsy

et al. 2024

Front. Microbiol.

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“…This method has been shown to be 100% sensitive and to detect 10 copies of the virus per well. The test uses a liver fragment from an infected rabbit, from which a homogenate is then made ( 131 ).…”

Section: Lagovirus Europaeusmentioning

confidence: 99%

Factors affecting RIG-I-Like receptors activation - New research direction for viral hemorrhagic fevers

Małkowska

Niedźwiedzka-Rystwej

2022

Front. Immunol.

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Viral hemorrhagic fever (VHF) is a term referring to a group of life-threatening infections caused by several virus families (Arenaviridae, Bunyaviridae, Filoviridae and Flaviviridae). Depending on the virus, the infection can be mild and can be also characterized by an acute course with fever accompanied by hypervolemia and coagulopathy, resulting in bleeding and shock. It has been suggested that the course of the disease is strongly influenced by the activation of signaling pathways leading to RIG-I-like receptor-dependent interferon production. RIG-I-like receptors (RLRs) are one of two major receptor families that detect viral nucleic acid. RLR receptor activation is influenced by a number of factors that may have a key role in the differences that occur during the antiviral immune response in VHF. In the present study, we collected data on RLR receptors in viral hemorrhagic fevers and described factors that may influence the activation of the antiviral response. RLR receptors seem to be a good target for VHF research, which may contribute to better therapeutic and diagnostic strategies. However, due to the difficulty of conducting such studies in humans, we suggest using Lagovirus europaeus as an animal model for VHF.

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“…Despite the high virulence and rapid spread of Lagovirus europaeus, there is currently no in vitro culture system for these viruses. Consequently, vaccines are based on inactivated virus isolated from infected rabbits, offering limited crossimmunity between the two strains [6,7].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Primer Investigation of Rig-I-Like Receptors Expression in Virus Infections With the Acute Character

Lewandowski,

Hrynkiewicz,

Niedźwiedzka-Rystwej

2024

Preprint

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This study investigates the expression of RIG-I-like receptors (RLRs) – RIG-I, MDA5, and LGP2 – in Lagovirus europaeus/GI.2 infections causing Rabbit Hemorrhagic Disease. Despite over 30 years of study, the acute pathogenesis remains incompletely understood. Lack of in vitro culture systems hampers vaccine development. The experiment, conducted on European rabbits, reveals a significant increase in RLR expression during infection, particularly in organs associated with severe pathology. The findings suggest a pivotal role for RLRs, especially RIG-I, in the host's defense against Lagovirus europaeus. Further research is needed to unravel the complete molecular pathway and associated factors, offering potential insights for therapeutic interventions.

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Real-Time PCR Confirms Infection with Lagovirus europaeus

Cited by 4 publications

References 33 publications

MicroRNAs participate in the regulation of apoptosis and oxidative stress-related gene expression in rabbits infected with Lagovirus europaeus GI.1 and GI.2 genotypes

MicroRNAs participate in the regulation of apoptosis and oxidative stress-related gene expression in rabbits infected with Lagovirus europaeus GI.1 and GI.2 genotypes

Factors affecting RIG-I-Like receptors activation - New research direction for viral hemorrhagic fevers

Primer Investigation of Rig-I-Like Receptors Expression in Virus Infections With the Acute Character

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