Real-time particle monitor calibration factors and PM2.5 emission factors for multiple indoor sources

Abstract

Indoor sources can greatly contribute to personal exposure to particulate matter less than 2.5 μm in diameter (PM2.5). To accurately assess PM2.5 mass emission factors and concentrations, real-time particle monitors must be calibrated for individual sources. Sixty-six experiments were conducted with a common, real-time laser photometer (TSI SidePak™ Model AM510 Personal Aerosol Monitor) and a filter-based PM2.5 gravimetric sampler to quantify the monitor calibration factors (CFs), and to estimate emission factors for common indoor sources including cigarettes, incense, cooking, candles, and fireplaces. Calibration factors for these indoor sources were all significantly less than the factory-set CF of 1.0, ranging from 0.32 (cigarette smoke) to 0.70 (hamburger). Stick incense had a CF of 0.35, while fireplace emissions ranged from 0.44-0.47. Cooking source CFs ranged from 0.41 (fried bacon) to 0.65-0.70 (fried pork chops, salmon, and hamburger). The CFs of combined sources (e.g., cooking and cigarette emissions mixed) were linear combinations of the CFs of the component sources. The highest PM2.5 emission factors per time period were from burned foods and fireplaces (15-16 mg min(-1)), and the lowest from cooking foods such as pizza and ground beef (0.1-0.2 mg min(-1)).

Environmental Tobacco Smoke Exposure and Smoke-Free Rules in Homes among Socially-Disadvantaged Populations in Poland

“…Potentially, also, is that the respondents may have misclassified the presence of smoke-free rules in their homes. Implementation of objective measures of tobacco smoke exposure might be useful in further studies [63,64,65,66]. The cross-sectional design is another limitation of the study as it tends to make observations at a single point in time, which prevents the observation of changes in ETS exposure or smoke-free homes enforcement over longer periods of time [43].…”

Fine Particle Sensor Based on Multi-Angle Light Scattering and Data Fusion

“…Therefore, most of these instruments are used indoors or in situations where particle composition remains constant. Numerous studies have been carried out to analyze the calibration of different kinds of PM2.5 [7,8,9]. It is a great challenge to accurately estimate PM2.5 mass concentration for diverse kinds of PM2.5.…”

Characteristics and Relationships between Indoor and Outdoor PM2.5 in Beijing: A Residential Apartment Case Study

“…In general, indoor PM 2.5 is influenced by direct emissions from indoor sources (e.g., cooking, smoking, and candle burning) (Jones et al, 2000;Dacunto et al, 2013), ventilation supplies from outdoor sources (Zhao et al, 2015), and transport or transformation processes within indoor environments (e.g., mixing, inter-zonal transport, re-suspension, coagulation, and phase change) (Nazaroff, 2004). The indoor/outdoor relationship studies of PM species showed that major chemical components, including organic and elemental carbon (OC/EC), water soluble ions, and metal elements in indoor PM 2.5 were greatly influenced by outdoor sources (Lim et al, 2011;Cao et al, 2012;Hassanvand et al, 2014).…”