Real‐Time Particle Analysis by Mass Spectrometry

Wexler, Anthony S.; Johnston, Murray V.

doi:10.1002/9781118001684.ch11

Cited by 8 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 70 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Compared to mass spectrometric methods (Wexler and Murray 2011), plasma-based optical spectroscopy techniques provide a more attractive alternative for measurement of the elemental composition of aerosols. Though single-particle mass spectrometers typically provide the most detailed, real-time information about the size and composition (atomic/molecular) of aerosol particles (Canagaratna et al 2007;Zelenyuk and Imre 2009;Hao et al 2009;Wexler and Murray 2011), they are unsuitable for routine exposure measurement applications as they are large, bulky, and expensive.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

New Approach for Near-Real-Time Measurement of Elemental Composition of Aerosol Using Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy

Diwakar

Kulkarni

Birch

2012

Aerosol Science and Technology

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

A new approach has been developed for making near-real-time measurement of elemental composition of aerosols using plasma spectroscopy. The method allows preconcentration of miniscule particle mass (pg to ng) directly from the sampled aerosol stream through electrostatic deposition of charged particles (30-900 nm) onto a flat-tip microneedle electrode. The collected material is subsequently ablated from the electrode and monitored by laserinduced breakdown spectroscopy. Atomic emission spectra were collected using a broadband spectrometer with a wavelength range of 200-980 nm. A single-sensor delay time of 1.3 µs was used in the spectrometer for all elements to allow simultaneous measurement of multiple elements. The system was calibrated for various elements including Cd, Cr, Cu, Mn, Na, and Ti. The absolute mass detection limits for these elements were experimentally determined and found to be in the range of 0.018-5 ng. The electrostatic collection technique has many advantages over other substrate-based methods involving aerosol collection on a filter or its focused deposition using an aerodynamic lens. Because the particle mass is collected over a very small area that is smaller than the spatial extent of the laser-induced plasma, the entire mass is available for analysis. This considerably improves reliability of the calibration and enhances measurement accuracy and precision. Further, the aerosol collection technique involves very low pressure drop, thereby allowing higher sample flow rates with much smaller pumps-a desirable feature for portable instrumentation. Higher flow rates also make it feasible to measure trace element concentrations at part per trillion levels. Detection limits in the range of 18-670 ng m −3 can be achieved for most of the elements studied at a flow rate of 1.5 L min −1 with sampling times of 5 min.

show abstract

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

New Approach for Near-Real-Time Measurement of Elemental Composition of Aerosol Using Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy

Diwakar

Kulkarni

Birch

2012

Aerosol Science and Technology

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…4). Additionally, we note that biomass-burning and biogenically sourced particles can appear similar in the positive ion mode, especially if postaqueous processing is involved (Zawadowicz et al, 2017). Due to similarities in particle size (median particle diameter within ∼ 10 nm; Fig.…”

Section: Methods Application: Greenlandic Ice Core Particulatesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Past studies have noted the challenge in identifying the origin of P-rich particles, with both mineral and biological origin possible (Creamean et al, 2014). The classification scheme by Zawadowicz et al (2017) was adopted here to identify the P- . The Ca-rich and processed particle sub-classes discussed in the text are associated here with the mineral/metallic classes.…”

Section: Methods Application: Greenlandic Ice Core Particulatesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Particle classifications derived using this algorithm are described in Tables 1 and 2 and include mineral/metallic, biomassburning particles, soot (elemental carbon), organic and/or mixtures of sulfate and organic carbon ("sulfate/organic") material, heavy oil/combustion products, and sea salt. Due to deviations of particles found in ice core samples from those in an airborne state (Murphy and Thomson, 1997a, b;Cziczo et al, 2013) additional algorithms were developed to distinguish the following classes: (1) calcium-rich, (2) "processed" (i.e., containing a broad mixture of both refractory and volatile components), (3) phosphorous-rich biological, and (4) phosphorous-rich inorganic particles (Zawadowicz et al, 2017). Additional information on the processing of atmospheric particles trapped in ice is provided in Sect.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In both cases, the abundance, size, morphology, and composition of the aerosols dictate their ability to affect climate (Seinfeld and Pandis, 2006). As such, the ideal atmospheric particle measurement has been described as one that is able to "count each particle and report its size, chemical composition, and morphology rapidly" (Wexler and Johnston, 2011).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Real-time analysis of insoluble particles in glacial ice using single-particle mass spectrometry

et al. 2017

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Abstract. Insoluble aerosol particles trapped in glacial ice provide insight into past climates, but analysis requires information on climatically relevant particle properties, such as size, abundance, and internal mixing. We present a new analytical method using a time-of-flight single-particle mass spectrometer (SPMS) to determine the composition and size of insoluble particles in glacial ice over an aerodynamic size range of ∼ 0.2-3.0 µm diameter. Using samples from two Greenland ice cores, we developed a procedure to nebulize insoluble particles suspended in melted ice, evaporate condensed liquid from those particles, and transport them to the SPMS for analysis. We further determined size-dependent extraction and instrument transmission efficiencies to investigate the feasibility of determining particle-class-specific mass concentrations. We find SPMS can be used to provide constraints on the aerodynamic size, composition, and relative abundance of most insoluble particulate classes in ice core samples. We describe the importance of post-aqueous processing to particles, a process which occurs due to nebulization of aerosols from an aqueous suspension of originally soluble and insoluble aerosol components. This study represents an initial attempt to use SPMS as an emerging technique for the study of insoluble particulates in ice cores.

show abstract

Mixing State of Black Carbon Particles in Asian Outflow Observed at a Remote Site in Taiwan in the Spring of 2017

Sun

Adachi²,

Misawa

et al. 2020

JGR Atmospheres

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Anthropogenic emissions of aerosols and trace gases from East Asia have significant impacts on air quality and climate on regional and global scales. We conducted intensive measurements of aerosols at a remote site (Cape Fuguei; 25.30°N, 121.54°E) in Taiwan in the spring of 2017, focusing on the chemical composition and mixing state of aerosols in Asian outflow. A laser‐induced incandescence–mass spectrometric analyzer (LII‐MS) was used to measure the chemical composition of aerosols internally or externally mixed with black carbon (BC). Offline analysis by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) was used to characterize the mixing state of aerosols. The observation period was classified into long‐range transport (LRT) periods and local pollution periods on the basis of cluster analysis of 3‐day backward trajectories. LII‐MS data showed that the average mass fractions of sulfate and nitrate internally mixed with BC were 7% ± 13% and 11% ± 15%, respectively, for high‐pollution episodes during LRT periods. By TEM analysis of selected samples from LRT periods, the number fraction of aerosol particles internally mixed with BC was estimated to be 5%–36% for core–shell types and 5%–23% for attached types. Factors affecting the differences between LII‐MS and TEM measurements are discussed. TEM data indicated the presence of a variety of aerosol mixing states in widespread regional pollution transported 500–1,000 km downwind of emission sources. Our results provide new constraints for three‐dimensional models that might resolve the mixing state of aerosol particles, which are critical for accurately estimating the radiative impact of BC.

show abstract

Real‐Time Particle Analysis by Mass Spectrometry

Cited by 8 publications

References 70 publications

New Approach for Near-Real-Time Measurement of Elemental Composition of Aerosol Using Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy

New Approach for Near-Real-Time Measurement of Elemental Composition of Aerosol Using Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy

Real-time analysis of insoluble particles in glacial ice using single-particle mass spectrometry

Mixing State of Black Carbon Particles in Asian Outflow Observed at a Remote Site in Taiwan in the Spring of 2017

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About