Real-Time Optimal Energy Management of Electrified Engines

Abstract

The electrification of engine components offers significant opportunities for fuel economy improvements, including the use of an electrified turbocharger for engine downsizing and exhaust gas energy recovery. By installing an electrical device on the turbocharger, the excess energy in the air system can be captured, stored, and re-used. This new configuration requires a new control structure to manage the air path dynamics. The selection of optimal setpoints for each operating point is crucial for achieving the full fuel economy benefits. In this paper, a control-oriented model for an electrified turbocharged diesel engine is analysed. Based on this model, a structured approach for selecting control variables is proposed. A model-based multi-input multi-output decoupling controller is designed as the low level controller to track the desired values and to manage internal coupling. An equivalent consumption minimization strategy is employed as the supervisory level controller for real-time energy management. The supervisory level controller and low level controller work together in a cascade which addresses both fuel economy optimization and battery state-of-charge maintenance. The proposed control strategy has been successfully validated on a detailed physical simulation model.

Robust control of electrified turbocharged diesel engines

“…The ETA was developed by a consortium led by Caterpillar. Based on the ETA, several control methods and testing systems were developed in Loughborough University in simulations [23]- [25] and experiments [26]. The tracking performance of the proposed 3-input 3-output (3I3O) controller at 1800 rpm, 260 Nm is illustrated in Fig.…”

Control of diesel engines with electrically assisted turbocharging through an extended state observer based nonlinear MPC

“…Energy management for a balanced SOC is another critical aspect of EATC control. Several researchers have concluded that, 6,11 in order to have the ability to Figure 1. Schematic of the EATC assisted diesel engine with DEMG.…”

“…Glenn et al proposed a sliding mode controller while considering VGT–EGR interactions but did not discuss SOC management. 8 Zhao et al proposed a two-layer energy management strategy, 11 where the supervisory control generates optimized target values for pre-turbine pressure, boost pressure, and compressor mass flow rate, to be tracked by the low-level controller. Their approach, however, relied on an extensive pre-calibrated map of the pressure upstream of the turbine for reference generation.…”

“…Energy management for a balanced SOC is another critical aspect of EATC control. Several researchers have concluded that, 6,11 in order to have the ability to provide a continuous and sustained electrical assist, it may be necessary to use energy recovery from sources other than the TC shaft. This has led to the adoption of the driveline based motor/generator (DEMG) for energy recovery for EATC systems.…”

Decoupling control of electrified turbocharged diesel engines

“…In 2014, a consortium led by Caterpillar Inc. developed a cutting-edge electrified turbocharger called electric turbo assist (ETA). Based on the ETA, several control methods and testing systems were developed in Loughborough University in simulations [17]- [19] and experiments [20]- [23]. This paper analyzes the dynamics of the ETDE.…”