Real-time Nyquist pulse generation beyond 100 Gbit/s and its relation to OFDM

Schmogrow, R.; Winter, Marcus; Meyer, Matthias; Hillerkuss, D.; Wolf, S.; Baeuerle, Benedikt; Ludwig, Alexandra; Nebendahl, B.; Ben-Ezra, Shalva; Meyer, J.; Dreschmann, M.; Huebner, M.; Becker, J.; Koos, C.; Freude, W.; Leuthold, Juerg

doi:10.1364/oe.20.000317

Cited by 163 publications

(118 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…The two sub-carrier sets are then independently modulated using an IQ modulator driven by band-limited Nyquist pulses that are generated by a proprietary multi-format transmitter (Nyquist-Tx) [8,30]. Polarization division multiplexing (PDM) is emulated by splitting the combined outputs of the two Nyquist-Tx into two paths, which are recombined after different delays to form two orthogonal polarization states in a SSMF.…”

Section: Super-channel Generation and Characterizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In this context, optical super-channels are promising candidates, combining a multitude of sub-channels in a wavelength-division multiplexing (WDM) scheme, while each sub-channel operates at a moderate symbol rate that complies with currently available CMOS driver circuitry. Typically the super-channels use spectrally efficient advanced modulation formats such as quadrature phase shift keying (QPSK) or 16-state quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM) in combination with advanced multiplexing schemes such as orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing (OFDM) [4][5][6] or Nyquist-WDM [7][8][9][10]. The performance of these transmission schemes depends heavily on the properties of the optical source, in particular on the number of lines, the power per line, the optical carrier-to-noise ratio (OCNR), the optical linewidth, and on the relative intensity noise (RIN).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Flexible terabit/s Nyquist-WDM super-channels using a gain-switched comb source

Pfeifle¹,

Vujicic²,

Watts³

et al. 2015

Opt. Express

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Terabit/s super-channels are likely to become the standard for next-generation optical networks and optical interconnects. A particularly promising approach exploits optical frequency combs for super-channel generation. We show that injection locking of a gain-switched laser diode can be used to generate frequency combs that are particularly well suited for terabit/s super-channel transmission. This approach stands out due to its extraordinary stability and flexibility in tuning both center wavelength and line spacing. We perform a series of transmission experiments using different comb line spacings and modulation formats. Using 9 comb lines and 16QAM signaling, an aggregate line rate (net data rate) of 1.296 Tbit/s (1.109 Tbit/s) is achieved for transmission over 150 km of standard single mode fiber (SSMF) using a spectral bandwidth of 166.5 GHz, which corresponds to a (net) spectral efficiency of 7.8 bit/s/Hz (6.7 bit/s/Hz). The line rate (net data rate) can be boosted to 2.112 Tbit/s (1.867 Tbit/s) for transmission over 300 km of SSMF by using a bandwidth of 300 GHz and QPSK modulation on the weaker carriers. For the reported net data rates and spectral efficiencies, we assume a variable overhead of either 7% or 20% for forward-error correction depending on the individual sub-channel quality after fiber transmission. References and links1. P. Winzer, "Beyond 100G Ethernet," IEEE Commun. Mag. 48(7), 26-30 (2010). 2. C. R. Cole, "100-Gb/s and beyond transceiver technologies," Opt. Fiber Technol. 17(5), 472-479 (2011). 3. S. Gringeri, E. Basch, and T. Xia, "Technical considerations for supporting data rates beyond 100 Gb/s," IEEE Commun. Mag. Becker, W. Freude, and J. Leuthold, "Real-time software-defined multiformat transmitter generating 64QAM at 28 GBd," IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett. 22(21), 1601-1603 (2010

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Section: Super-channel Generation and Characterizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Flexible terabit/s Nyquist-WDM super-channels using a gain-switched comb source

Pfeifle¹,

Vujicic²,

Watts³

et al. 2015

Opt. Express

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…3. While CO-OFDM, CO-WDM, and Nyquist-WDM technologies can generate coherent optical spikes and very high PAPR [23], the OAWG/OAWM technology can shape the total waveform to suppress PAPR and nonlinear impairments. In fact, since the DSP in OAWG can shape the total waveform at its output, rather than the waveform of each single subcarrier, this can potentially be used to control the PAPR evolution along the link by shaping the waveform in such a way that minimizes the nonlinear effects and maximizes the quality of the received signals.…”

Section: The Dynamic Oawg/oawm Technology Can Generatementioning

confidence: 99%

Software defined elastic optical networking in temporal, spectral, and spatial domains

et al. 2014

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This paper discusses architecture, protocol, technologies, systems, and networking testbed for softwaredefined elastic optical networking in temporal, spectral, and spatial domains. By exploiting the progress in elastic optical networking (EON) in temporal and spectral domains utilizing dynamic optical arbitrary waveform generation and measurement technologies, and by extending the EON concept into the spatial domain through the new orbital angular momentum-based spatial division multiplexing, we realize EON exploiting elasticity in temporal, spectral, and spatial domains (3D-EON). Routing, spectral, spatial mode, and modulation format assignment with fragmentation awareness as well as hitless defragmentation for high capacity, high quality of service, and resource-efficient networking will be pursued. OpenFlow-based 3D-EON testbed at UC Davis includes optical supervisory channel with optical performance monitoring for software-defined networking with an adaptive observe-analyze-act cycle.

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“…With the ever-growing demand for telecommunication bandwidth, highly efficient spectral techniques are currently thoroughly investigated in order to optimize the capacity of fiber optics networks. Two digital techniques are commonly used: orthogonal-frequency division multiplexing (OFDM), where a superchannel composed of sincshaped subcarriers is generated, and Nyquist-WDM where the data symbols are carried by Nyquist-shaped pulses in the time domain [1]. Recently, the concept of orthogonal time-division multiplexing (O-TDM) of optically generated Nyquist pulses was demonstrated [2].…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Bandwidth and repetition rate programmable Nyquist sinc-shaped pulse train source based on intensity modulators and four-wave mixing

et al. 2014

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We propose and experimentally demonstrate an all-optical Nyquist sinc-shaped pulse train source based on intensity modulation and four-wave mixing. The proposed scheme allows for the tunability of the bandwidth and the full flexibility of the repetition rate in the limit of the electronic bandwidth of the modulators used through the flexible synthesis of rectangular frequency combs. With the ever-growing demand for telecommunication bandwidth, highly efficient spectral techniques are currently thoroughly investigated in order to optimize the capacity of fiber optics networks. Two digital techniques are commonly used: orthogonal-frequency division multiplexing (OFDM), where a superchannel composed of sincshaped subcarriers is generated, and Nyquist-WDM where the data symbols are carried by Nyquist-shaped pulses in the time domain [1]. Recently, the concept of orthogonal time-division multiplexing (O-TDM) of optically generated Nyquist pulses was demonstrated [2]. In this scheme, the ultra-short Nyquist pulses are generated all-optically and time multiplexed with no intersymbol interference (ISI), taking advantage of the orthogonality of Nyquist pulses. Various techniques to generate optical Nyquist pulses have been demonstrated including spectral reshaping of mode-locked laser [2] or fiber optical parametric amplification using one degenerated pump [3] or two dissimilar frequency pumps in order to achieve uniform pulse generation over a wide bandwidth [4]. These techniques allow for the generation of Nyquist pulses of a few picoseconds duration down to sub-picosecond. However, reducing the complexity of these schemes to a viable solution is not straightforward. Moreover, the generated Nyquist pulses exhibit a non-rectangular spectrum, which leads to the necessity of guard band between WDM channels. To overcome these limitations, another technique based on phase-locked flat-comb generation was demonstrated to obtain sinc-shaped pulse trains [5]. The proofof-principle setup was based on intensity modulators driven by radio-frequency (RF) tones. This simple setup is cost-effective, but the generated bandwidth remains limited to three times the electronic bandwidth of the modulators. In order to overcome the bandwidth limitation, we show that a nonlinear stage based on Kerr effect in highly nonlinear fiber (HNLF) can be used to expand the bandwidth of the generated comb while maintaining the high flexibility and reconfigurability advantages of the original technique. The proposed principle for the Nyquist sinc-shaped pulse train generation is sketched in Fig. 1. Three stages of rectangular-shaped in-phase optical frequency comb generators (RI-OFCG's) are used to achieve a Nyquist-sinc pulse train from an initial optical continuous wave (CW) [ Fig. 1(a)]. The first and third stages are based on intensity modulation, while the second stage is based on four-wave mixing (FWM) [6,7] combined with a wavelength selective switch (WSS) [8].At the first RI-OFCG stage, the CW input is modulated via an intensity modulator (IM 1 ...

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Real-time Nyquist pulse generation beyond 100 Gbit/s and its relation to OFDM

Cited by 163 publications

References 21 publications

Flexible terabit/s Nyquist-WDM super-channels using a gain-switched comb source

Flexible terabit/s Nyquist-WDM super-channels using a gain-switched comb source

Software defined elastic optical networking in temporal, spectral, and spatial domains

Bandwidth and repetition rate programmable Nyquist sinc-shaped pulse train source based on intensity modulators and four-wave mixing

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