Real-Time Monitoring of Reactive Extrusion Processes by Means of In-Line Infrared Spectroscopy and Infrared Temperature Measurement

Haberstroh, Edmund; Jakisch, Lothar; Henssge, Eckart; Schwarz, Philipp

doi:10.1002/1439-2054(20020301)287:3<203::aid-mame203>3.0.co;2-8

Cited by 13 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 1 publication

(1 reference statement)

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…Various methods have been proposed to determine the conversion of CL. They include gravimetry,3, 12, 13, 18–27 gas chromatography,28, 29 enthalpy of polymerization,4, 30 and in‐line infrared spectroscopy 31. Among them, the gravimetry is used the most.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Anionic polymerization of lactams: A comparative study on various methods of measuring the conversion of ε‐caprolactam to polyamide 6

Zhang

2006

J of Applied Polymer Sci

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Anionic ring-opening polymerization of lactams leads to the formation of poly(lactams) or polyamides. This work aimed at comparing the performance of four methods for measuring the conversion of -caprolactam (CL) to polyamide 6. The latter was either a homopolymer (PA6) or grafts onto polystyrene (PS-g-PA6 graft copolymer). Those four methods were mass balance based on solvent extraction (methanol, water, THF, or acetone), mass balance based on vacuum drying at 140°C, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), and elemental analysis based on nitrogen. The mass balances based on methanol extraction and vacuum drying at 140°C and TGA were all suitable for measuring the conversion of CL, whether the resulting polymer was the PA6 or PS-g-PA6. The mass balance based on water extraction was good for the PA6 and not good for the PS-g-PA6. The elemental analysis based on nitrogen was not suitable for the PA6 nor for the PS-g-PA6.

show abstract

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Anionic polymerization of lactams: A comparative study on various methods of measuring the conversion of ε‐caprolactam to polyamide 6

Zhang

2006

J of Applied Polymer Sci

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Haberstroh et al [342] showed that IR temperature measurement is a reliable, fast and exact method for the determination of melt temperature in reactive extrusion. For example, Figs.…”

Section: Temperaturementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Compared with on line NIR results previously discussed, in line ATR IR data suggest too high yields for product formation. On the other hand, Haberstroh et al [342] demonstrated that the use of the ATR-IR technique for the conversion measurement for e-caprolactam polymerization in twin-screw extruder is only partially suitable. Indeed, they observed that the material exchange bulk-surface which is fundamental for the conversion determination at the surface of the ATR crystal strongly depends on the viscosity of the reacting system.…”

Section: Chemical Conversionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reactive Processing of Thermoplastic Polymers: A Review of the Fundamental Aspects

Cassagnau

Bounor‐Legaré

Fenouillot

2007

International Polymer Processing

100

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

This work is dedicated to Dr. Alain Michel for his retirement and in memory of Prof. Morand Lambla. Dr. Michel and Prof. Lambla were the pioneers of the development of reactive processing in FranceThe review is devoted to the fundamental aspects of the reactive processing of thermoplastic polymers. First of all, some reactive processing examples, including polymer grafting (vinyl silane, maleic anhydride) and/or functionalization, bulk polymerization (urethane, lactams, acrylate, e-capolactone), polyester modification and new copolymers synthesis, are presented. From a fundamental point of view, the review covers the state of the art in the domains of rheology (specifically modelling of rheo-kinetics), diffusion and mixing in highly viscous reactive or non reactive media. Finally, 1, 2 and 3-D simulation of the reactive extrusion process in twin-screw extruder is reported at the end of the review.

show abstract

“…. Weiter wird die Charakterisierung von modifizierten und funktionalisierten Kunststoffen, beispielsweise aus der reaktiven Extrusion, zunehmend nachgefragt [6,7]. Bei der reaktiven Extrusion ist neben der Schmelzetemperatur die Verweilzeit der wichtigste Faktor für eine erfolgreiche Reaktion im Extruder [8].…”

Section: Introductionunclassified

Cleaning in Place Konzept zum Dauerbetrieb optischer Sonden in der Prozessanalytik der Polymerextrusion

Bäuerle¹

2018

Zeitschrift Kunststofftechnik

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Cleaning in place concept for continuous operation of optical probes in process analytics of polymer extrusion The continuous monitoring of quality parameters is an increasing requirement in polymer extrusion. Optical spectroscopy can fulfill this requirement as it detects other parameters besides color, such as chemical properties, turbidity or particle size. Here, optical probes are used for inline measurements in the extruder. During operation, material can accumulate on the probe windows (window fouling). This article presents a new cleaning in place concept that allows windows to be cleaned without interruption during production. Additionally, the calibration of the measurement system is possible. This prevents setup times and ensures a continuous inline measurement.

show abstract

Real-Time Monitoring of Reactive Extrusion Processes by Means of In-Line Infrared Spectroscopy and Infrared Temperature Measurement

Cited by 13 publications

References 1 publication

Anionic polymerization of lactams: A comparative study on various methods of measuring the conversion of ε‐caprolactam to polyamide 6

Anionic polymerization of lactams: A comparative study on various methods of measuring the conversion of ε‐caprolactam to polyamide 6

Reactive Processing of Thermoplastic Polymers: A Review of the Fundamental Aspects

Cleaning in Place Konzept zum Dauerbetrieb optischer Sonden in der Prozessanalytik der Polymerextrusion

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About