“…The layer is often considered expendable or sacrificial compared to the substrate, meaning that coating life is less than the life of the underlying structure. Alternatively, it may have sacrificial components such as Mg-rich primers, where the Mg acts as cathodic protection to the underlying metal [13][14][15], or soluble corrosion inhibitors [6,12] or bioinhibitors [11]. Typically, many environments are largely benign, but increasingly coatings are being applied in more extreme applications, including deep undersea, at elevated temperatures, in caustic environments, and in space applications [7,16].…”