Real Time Monitoring for the Most Vulnerable: Concepts and Methods

Lucas, Henry C.; Greeley, Martin; Roelen, Keetie

doi:10.1111/1759-5436.12013

Cited by 6 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…We note that implementation of continuous and enhanced data monitoring mechanisms will allow for real-time identification of shifts in health vulnerabilities [50]. This proactive approach ensures that future analyses go beyond static snapshots.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Multidimensional vulnerability and financial risk protection in health in contexts of protracted conflict: Evidence from the Occupied Palestinian Territory

Hatamyar,

Shayeb,

Hussain

et al. 2024

Preprint

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This paper proposes a multidimensional vulnerability index for a setting of protracted conflict, which is applied to study the relationship between financial vulnerability and catastrophic healthcare expenditure (CHE) incidence in the Occupied Palestinian Territory in 2018. We find that our index better captures the extent of financial risk protection (FRP) compared to conventional measures of financial welfare. Results indicate that the most vulnerable groups experience a significantly higher likelihood of incurring CHE, and this likelihood is increased for those living in the West Bank compared to the Gaza Strip. We also find a lack of protection from existing insurance types against the risk of CHE. Our analysis provides valuable insights about key aspects, such as health financing and insurance bottlenecks, that will deserve careful policy attention in efforts to rebuild the Palestinian health system, following the Israel-Hamas war.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Multidimensional vulnerability and financial risk protection in health in contexts of protracted conflict: Evidence from the Occupied Palestinian Territory

Hatamyar,

Shayeb,

Hussain

et al. 2024

Preprint

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“…More recently similar issues were identified in the sentinel site surveillance system in Mozambique, where no analysis of the data was conducted at the clinic, district, or provincial level, and clinic teams mentioned that they did not know why they were collecting the data ( [78], p.7). The decentralization of information management to district level is said to be an effective strategy to improve routine information systems [121]. The case for decentralized data management in nutrition surveillance systems was made long ago [122,123] and applied in Haiti [124] and Thailand [125], but no evidence has been seen of existing systems where this occurs.…”

Section: Lack Of Participationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In this context "real time" means very recently collected data often collected frequently using information and communication technology (ICT) [121].…”

Section: Lack Of Participationmentioning

confidence: 99%

A perspective on the development and sustainability of nutrition surveillance in low-income countries

Tuffrey

2016

BMC Nutr

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Background: Many varied activities are encompassed by the term "nutrition(al) surveillance". Several national surveillance systems were initiated soon after the World Food Conference in 1974, but few have lasted. Most were complex, expensive, slow to produce findings, and were eventually stopped. This paper discusses why nutrition surveillance in low-income countries is so hard to sustain, and identifies the key factors in systems which have been maintained. Discussion: For nutrition surveillance activities to be sustainable, there needs to be: demand for the information; a reasonable cost as well as a cost-efficient process; speedy generation and dissemination of good quality information; secure allocation of resources from the government and/or donor; and a central, organizing institution for strong coordination of data collection, analysis, interpretation and communication. Investment in local individual and institutional capacity plus the retention of experienced staff are important. A periodic evaluation of the process should be an integral part of surveillance activities. For national systems the ideal coordinating institution should sit within a government structure separate from those with direct involvement in health or agriculture, such as a ministry of planning, as those who lead the surveillance must be independent of decision-makers but need to understand and prioritise their needs for information. The findings need to be communicated clearly and the means of presentation adapted to different audiences. To promote participation, the findings should be shared with stakeholders at all levels. Summary: This review of the development of nutrition surveillance in low-income countries over the last 40 years finds that sustainability hinges on cost, capacity development, location of the institutional base, demand for the products, and participation. These considerations are noteworthy given the pivotal role of nutrition surveillance information in national and sub-national policy-making, planning and programming. Information from nutrition surveillance also provides an increasingly important mechanism to hold governments to account and to allow progress towards international targets to be tracked.

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“…In addition, borrowing from the success of community-based surveillance systems in other resource-poor settings, it was proposed that data be collected through mobile phones [15, 16]. Compared with paper-based reporting, phone-based reporting increases the speed and efficiency of community-based surveillance systems [17].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Community-based surveillance of unaccompanied and separated children in drought-affected northern Ethiopia

Macfarlane

Rubenstein

Saw

et al. 2019

BMC Int Health Hum Rights

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Background Children separated from their caregivers in humanitarian emergencies are vulnerable to multiple risks. However, no field-tested methods exist to capture ongoing changes in the frequency and nature of separation in these contexts over the course of a protracted crisis. Methods Recognizing this gap, a mobile phone-based surveillance system was established in a drought-affected district in northern Ethiopia to assess the feasibility of using community focal points to monitor cases of unaccompanied and separated children. A total of 29 focal points were recruited through village elections from 10 villages in the district. Feasibility was assessed directly by measuring the number and quality of messages sent by the focal points each week. The team also evaluated the implementation process and any challenges that arose through observations and key informant interviews with focal points at the conclusion of the project measuring frequency of employing various information gathering techniques, challenges faced, and perceptions of community expectations. Likert scales were used to measure overall satisfaction with the experience of being a focal point, self-assessed difficulty of being a focal point, perceived likelihood of cases captured, and motivation. Results Over a six-month period, the focal points reported 48 cases of separation. The majority of separated children (64.6%) were 10 years of age or older. Work was a major driver of separation, especially for boys. Age, sex, role in community, and density of community had no statistically significant impact on focal point performance in terms of frequency, accuracy, or consistency of messages. The focal points themselves reported high levels of motivation, but suggested several areas for improvement in the surveillance system. Conclusions Without the surveillance system, most of these children would have otherwise been unrecognized. From a technical standpoint the system was successful and resilient in the face of unexpected external challenges. However, focal point participation and accuracy was variable over time and across groups and diminished towards the later months of the study, suggesting that the community-based approach may require additional supports to ensure that the surveillance system is able to accurately capture trends over time. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12914-019-0203-9) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

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Real Time Monitoring for the Most Vulnerable: Concepts and Methods

Cited by 6 publications

References 36 publications

Multidimensional vulnerability and financial risk protection in health in contexts of protracted conflict: Evidence from the Occupied Palestinian Territory

Multidimensional vulnerability and financial risk protection in health in contexts of protracted conflict: Evidence from the Occupied Palestinian Territory

A perspective on the development and sustainability of nutrition surveillance in low-income countries

Community-based surveillance of unaccompanied and separated children in drought-affected northern Ethiopia

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