Real-time measurements of fluorescent aerosol particles in a living laboratory office under variable human occupancy and ventilation conditions

Patra, Satya S.; Wu, Tianren; Wagner, Danielle N.; Jiang, Jinglin; Boor, Brandon E.

doi:10.1016/j.buildenv.2021.108249

Cited by 11 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 83 publications

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“…Indeed, Li et al , 35 who recently used the WIBS instrument to monitor indoor and outdoor air of a naturally ventilated bedroom, reported elevated indoor bioaerosol concentrations when the assessed room was occupied. Studies, such as those conducted in classrooms by Hospodsky et al 28 and Qian et al , 41 and in a living laboratory office by Patra et al , 42 corroborate our interpretation that human occupancy represented a major contributor to elevated indoor bioaerosol concentrations. More recently, Nieto-Caballero et al 37 conducted fluorescent aerosol cytometry in classrooms using the InstaScope (DetectionTek, Boulder, CO, USA), a direct-reading instrument operationally similar to the WIBS, and reported higher bioaerosol concentrations indoors than outdoors.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 87%

Assessing residential indoor and outdoor bioaerosol characteristics using the ultraviolet light-induced fluorescence-based wideband integrated bioaerosol sensor

Addor

Baumgardner

Hughes

et al. 2022

Environ. Sci.: Processes Impacts

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 87%

Assessing residential indoor and outdoor bioaerosol characteristics using the ultraviolet light-induced fluorescence-based wideband integrated bioaerosol sensor

Addor

Baumgardner

Hughes

et al. 2022

Environ. Sci.: Processes Impacts

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“…In contrast, two recent studies indicated that offbody skin lipids on indoor surfaces contribute significantly to O 3 reactivity and SOOP emissions in a residential building and a university classroom with low indoor O 3 concentrations (mean of 4−6 ppb). 29,53 Since the hard flooring in the LL office is cleaned frequently 54 and indoor O 3 concentrations were relatively high (typically 10−25 ppb), we do not expect a long persistence time scale for off-body skin lipids. Therefore, the ozonolysis of off-body skin lipids may not be an important SOOP source in routinely cleaned office environments with high outdoor air ventilation rates.…”

Section: ■ Results and Discussionmentioning

confidence: 95%

Influence of Mechanical Ventilation Systems and Human Occupancy on Time-Resolved Source Rates of Volatile Skin Oil Ozonolysis Products in a LEED-Certified Office Building

Tasoglou

Huber³

et al. 2021

Environ. Sci. Technol.

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Building mechanical ventilation systems are a major driver of indoor air chemistry as their design and operation influences indoor ozone (O 3 ) concentrations, the dilution and transport of indoor-generated volatile organic compounds (VOCs), and indoor environmental conditions. Real-time VOC and O 3 measurements were integrated with a building sensing platform to evaluate the influence of mechanical ventilation modes and human occupancy on the dynamics of skin oil ozonolysis products (SOOPs) in an office in a LEEDcertified building during the winter. The ventilation system operated under variable recirculation ratios (RRs) from RR = 0 (100% outdoor air) to RR = 1 (100% recirculation air). Time-resolved source rates for 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one (6-MHO), 4-oxopentanal (4-OPA), and decanal were highly dynamic and changed throughout the day with RR and occupancy. Total SOOP source rates during high-occupancy periods (10:00−18:00) varied from 2500−3000 μg h −1 when RR = 0.1 to 6300−6700 μg h −1 when RR = 1. Source rates for gas-phase reactions, outdoor air, and occupant-associated emissions generally decreased with increasing RR. The recirculation air source rate increased with RR and typically became the dominant source for RR > 0.5. SOOP emissions from surface reservoirs were also a prominent source, contributing 10−50% to total source rates. Elevated per person SOOP emission factors were observed, potentially due to multiple layers of soiled clothing worn during winter.

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“…Particle emissions from PLA filaments and glue control run (PLA_Con_G) were recorded and characterized in real time by the WIBS. The WIBS has been deployed in a range of different outdoor and indoor campaigns [ 28 , 29 , 30 , 31 , 32 , 33 , 34 , 35 ], and interestingly has been utilized to understand emissions in medical environments, highlighting that human activities and tasks can significantly influence the air quality in indoor spaces [ 36 , 37 ] and that mitigation processes could be of use. This study represents the first use of the WIBS in monitoring particulate emissions released during 3D printing.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterization of Volatile and Particulate Emissions from Desktop 3D Printers

Finnegan,

Thach,

Khaki

et al. 2023

Sensors

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The rapid expansion of 3D printing technologies has led to increased utilization in various industries and has also become pervasive in the home environment. Although the benefits are well acknowledged, concerns have arisen regarding potential health and safety hazards associated with emissions of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and particulates during the 3D printing process. The home environment is particularly hazardous given the lack of health and safety awareness of the typical home user. This study aims to assess the safety aspects of 3D printing of PLA and ABS filaments by investigating emissions of VOCs and particulates, characterizing their chemical and physical profiles, and evaluating potential health risks. Gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS) was employed to profile VOC emissions, while a particle analyzer (WIBS) was used to quantify and characterize particulate emissions. Our research highlights that 3D printing processes release a wide range of VOCs, including straight and branched alkanes, benzenes, and aldehydes. Emission profiles depend on filament type but also, importantly, the brand of filament. The size, shape, and fluorescent characteristics of particle emissions were characterized for PLA-based printing emissions and found to vary depending on the filament employed. This is the first 3D printing study employing WIBS for particulate characterization, and distinct sizes and shape profiles that differ from other ambient WIBS studies were observed. The findings emphasize the importance of implementing safety measures in all 3D printing environments, including the home, such as improved ventilation, thermoplastic material, and brand selection. Additionally, our research highlights the need for further regulatory guidelines to ensure the safe use of 3D printing technologies, particularly in the home setting.

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Real-time measurements of fluorescent aerosol particles in a living laboratory office under variable human occupancy and ventilation conditions

Cited by 11 publications

References 83 publications

Assessing residential indoor and outdoor bioaerosol characteristics using the ultraviolet light-induced fluorescence-based wideband integrated bioaerosol sensor

Assessing residential indoor and outdoor bioaerosol characteristics using the ultraviolet light-induced fluorescence-based wideband integrated bioaerosol sensor

Influence of Mechanical Ventilation Systems and Human Occupancy on Time-Resolved Source Rates of Volatile Skin Oil Ozonolysis Products in a LEED-Certified Office Building

Characterization of Volatile and Particulate Emissions from Desktop 3D Printers

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